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Political Parties - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The party that wins and forms the government will claim the mandate
      - Whilst in opposition ordinary party members can have the most say in policy maling through consultation groups and conferences
        
        The governing party will do it more formally through ministers and civil servants
  - - - Labour represent workers
      - Conservatives represent middle-classes
      - Parties now state they represent national interest, ("for the many, not the few")
        
        However they clearly stay biased towards particular sections of society (tories give tax breaks to the businesses)
  - - - Used to only be elected by MPs now ordinary people have much more say
      - Corbyn elected by the members when his MPs did not support him, and during a vote of confidence his support margin increased even larger
  - - - Being at election counts to make sure the process is fair
      - without activists the already low turnout would be even lower
  - - - all mainstream parties support parliamentary democracy, so people vote for parties which support the current system
        
        However this is beginning to be challenged by populism (UKIP 2012-2016 and elements of Corbyn)
- - - - Had a funding scandal with Bernie Ecclestone (F1 boss) who had campaigned against a ban of ciggy advertising (govt agreed)
        
        Labour had to return £1million
    - - Electoral commission set up to monitor party spending
      - Parties can only spend £30,000 on a seat at an election (no limit on campaigns nationally), which massively helped tories who spent millions
      - Donations of more than 5K nationally and 1K in a constituency had to be declared
        
        All donations from people not of UK residency banned (massively hit tories)
        
        All parties accused of dodging these rules, especially tories
    - - Blair had given peerages to wealthy people who loaned the party money
        
        Questioned by police but no charges given
        
        Looked very dodgy, and dirty money had entered UK politics
    - - suggested for state funding from tax payer money based on how many votes they got at the previous election
  - - - Covid pandemic- PPE contracts given to rich donors
      - foreign money in UK politics exploded during Brexit ref, with accusations of Putin supporting billionaires causing max disruption to EU
- - - - Attlee's govt founded the NHS and welfare state
        
        About 20% of the economy was owned by the state and funded by taxes. The government had nationalised key industries, coal, rail and steel
        
        Tories had initially opposed these measured but accepted them once they saw how popular they were
        
        Tory govts of 1951-1964 largely left labours changes intact but scaled them back a bit
        
        late 1950s dubbed 'Butskellism' as Labour leader and tory chancellor Butler had so much in common
    - - Tories and lib dems accepted Blairism's centre-ground politics
        
        Doing a limited amount to help the poor (minimum wage and tax credits) and more money for public services while keeping income tax on the better off in society low
  - - - Tories took a new right position under Thatcher and wanted to slash taxes on rich and benefits for the poor
        
        Labour moved sharply left under Foot and split the party badly between the moderates (some of whom who left to form SDP) and the hard left led by Tony Benn
        
        Much of the adversary was within the labour party itself and Labour dragged itself back to the centre under Kinnock, Smith and Blair
    - - Miliband had taken labour to the centre-left but was easily defeated by DC
        
        Miliband had previously introduced new rules where members and supporters chose the leader
        
        Labour membership increased by 300,000 to elect Corbyn