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Psychopathology (study of psychological disorder) - Coggle Diagram
Psychopathology (study of psychological disorder)
Definitions of abnormality
Statistical infrequency
When an individual has less common characteristics eg being less intelligent as it can be reliable measured- going above or below the average(normal distribution) is ‘abnormal’
In intelligence, if an individuals IQ is above or below the average(100) they are abnormal. If a person scores below 70 they are liable to receive a diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder
AO3- real world application-clinal evidence(s) , cannot define abnormality as unusual characteristics can be positive (l)
Deviation from social norms
When a person behaves differently from how we expect them to behave (the norm)
Norms are specific to the culture we live in meaning there are few behaviours that would be viewed as abnormal universally eg homosexuality being viewed as abnormal is dependent on generation and culture
Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder diagnosed from deviation of social Norma’s as this disorder is characterised by being ‘impulsive, aggressive and irresponsible’ according to the DSM-5
‘Absence of prosocial internal standards’
AO3- real world application- clinical evidence (antisocial personality disorder)(s), social and cultural relativism (l), unfair labelling(l)
Failure to function adequately
Occurs when someone is unable to cope with the ordinary demands of day-to-day living
Rosenhan and Seligman proposed signs such as when a person cannot maintain interpersonal relations, expieriece of severe personal distress, irrational behaviour
A diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder cannot be made only on statistical infrequency they must fail to function adequately first
A03-sensible threshold for help(S), labelling non-standard lifestyles as abnormal such as New Age travellers or spiritualists(L)
Deviation form ideal mental health
Jahoda suggested good mental health is no symptoms of distress, rational thinking, self-actualisation, self-esteem, independence
A03- comprehensive definition which clearly states ‘good mental health’(S), may be culture-bound(L)
Characteristics of disorders
phobias
behavioural
panic, avoidance, endurance
emotional
anxiety,fear, unreasonable
cognitive
selective attention, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions
depression
behavioural
activity levels, disruption to sleep and eating behaviour, aggression and self harm
emotional
lowered mood, anger, low self-esteem
cognitive
poor concentration, dwell on negative, absolutist thinking
OCD
behavioural
compulsions are repetitive, compulsions reduce anxiety, avoidance
emotional
anxiety and distress, depression, guilt and disgust
cognitive
obsessive thoughts, cognitive coping strategies, insight into anxiety