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Hitler Coming into Power and Securing his Power - Coggle Diagram
Hitler Coming into Power and Securing his Power
Hitler Becoming Chancellor
In 1932 and 1933, The Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag but did not have a majority. No other parties wanted to work with Hitler
Constitution gave Hindenburg the right to appoint HItler as chancellor , but he did not want to. Month after moneth backroom deals were being made as politicians struggled to make a workable government
Key dates
July 1932:
Nazis won
37.3%
of votes (
230 seats
). This made it the largest party but no coalition was formed as Hindenburg despised HItler.
Franz Von Papen
appointed the chancellor by Hindenburg
Had little to no supoprt but tried to bring a right wing coalition government together with Nazis, who didn't co-operate
September 1932:
Reichstag passes vote of no confidence in Papen's government, so he calls another election
November 1932
: Election was bad for the Nazis. after getting people to speak in churches and propoganda along with using thuggery, they lost 34 seats. Still largest party
Von schleiner stopped supporting Von Papen, meaning Papen was not popular.
3rd December 1932:
Von Schleiner appointed chancellor as he could setup a government
4th January 1933:
Von Schleiner struggled to keep a majority in the Reichstag. Papen tries to take back power by secretly working with Hitler. Hitler = chancellor
Papen = cabinet
22nd January:
Papen asks HIndenburg to make Hitler chancellor, he refuses.
28th January:
Schleiner resigned
30th January:
Hitler made chancellor. Von Papen vice-chancellor
Majority, Reichstag Fire and Enabling Act
Dates
Elections were ordered on the 31st of January and the
5th of March
4th February:
Hitler persuades Hindenburg to pass a new law that any political party would need to notify the policy about a meeting 48 hours in advance
Nazis would break these political meetings
27th February:
The Reichstag Fire Occurs
The Reichstag Parliament building is set on fire
Inside the burning Builidng, Van der Lubbe, a dutch communist was found and charged for the fire
Consequences
Hitler used evidence the communists plotted against the government
Hitler was able to persuade Hindenburg to suspend articles ensuring freedom of speech and assembly, and liberty.
Police could search houses, confiscate properties and detain political opponents
Emergency decree stayed for 12 years.
5th March:
Election in which the the Nazis did not gain an overall majority but 288 seats. Hitler shad to join with the nationalists in a coalition
23rd March:
Another election to secure more seats. The Reichstag fire was used to ban all communist deputies and SA intimidated other deputies.
The enabling act was passed by
444 to 94
votes
Consequences
Allowed Hitler to rule by decree
No need for opposition parties in Law change
Same power as Hindenburg
14th July 1933
All political parties banned making Germany a One party state and destroyed democracy
Night of Long Knives - Hitler Becoming Fuhr
SA
Nazis depended on SA to put policies into place
SA became an enormous organisation with over 2 million members
Ernst Rohm could be a rival to Hitler
Rohm wanted Hitler to reduce power of businesses and take over the SA
SA powerful ex-army
Bad reputation of violence and thuggery, spreading fear
Army
100,000 soldiers that were well trained and organised
Very small and may not be loyal to HItler
Only organisation that could remove Hitler
Why choose the Army
Hitler wanted to reduce the size of the SA to increase the size of the more focused and organised SS. Himler ( leader of SS) closer to Hitler
SA's reputation was becoming worse
SA could be a threat to Hitler's power with Rohm leading it
Knight of Long Knives
Key Events
Many members of the SA,including Ernst Rohm, were demanding a socialist agenda and SA taking over army
on the
30th june 1934
when leader of the SA arrived, they were taken to Munich and shot. 400 members were killed
A number of other opponents,
such as Von Schleiner
were killed
Impact
Destroyed all opposition within the Nazi Party
Gave power to brutal SS
Showed Hitler as a tyrant
HItler Becoming Fuhr
on the 2nd August 1934, Hindenbug died.
offices of chancellor and president merged to create fuhr
Complete power and absolute ruler