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Threats and Tackling Threats in Germany ; Weimar Period - Coggle Diagram
Threats and Tackling Threats in Germany ; Weimar Period
Groups of Threat
The Spartacists
Left Wing
Came from Independant Socialist Party
Led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
The Freikorps
Right wing ex-soldiers who had kept their weapons
Made of
250000
men in March 1919
The National Socialist German Worker's party
Right Wing
Hated Democracy and Communism
Wanted a strong military and government
Led by Adolph Hitler
Uprisings
Spartacist Uprising 1919
on
5th January 1919
the Spartacists captured the headquaters of government newspaper and telagraph bureau
They tried to cause a gerneral strike in Berlin but badly prepared
A right wing Military group- the Freikorps who were demobilised with weapon, put the revolt down under the command of Ebert.
The Kapp Putsch 1920
Kapp Putsch took place in March 1920
Occured due to the
Treaty of Versaille
signed in 1919. It meant only
100,000 people
could go to the army with the rest being mobbed.
Fearing unemployment, the Freikorps marched into Berlin and were led by
DR WOLFGANG KAPP
As the government did not have the support of the army, they fled and organised a national strike of trade unions making it impossible for Kapp to run Germany. The fled.
The Munich Putsch 1923
8th November:
Hitler and 600 SA entered the Beer Hall in Munich where Bavarian government was meeting
Trigger was the economic crisis ( occupation of Ruhr) and strong economic policy in Italy that led to Nazi rise
HItler forced government leaders to support him - Rohm taking over local poice and army headquarters
9th November :
1000 SA and 2000 volunteers marched the Munich town declaring Hitler as President of Germany.
Police caught them, someone opened fire and CHAOS
11th November 1923:
Hitler found and arrested
Why it failed
Ludendorff allowed Kahr loose- who instead of calling his wife called the army. The stronger army was able to bring down rebellion
Positive Long term impacts
used trial to show views
Wrote 'Mein Kempf' a bestseller
Rethinking of party tactic
WEIMAR REPUBLIC SURVIVAL
Economic Developements
August 1923:
Announced intention to end passive resistance in Ruhr
November 1923:
Stresseman setup the Rentenbank and issue currency
Rentenmark
Notes of Rentenmark tightly controlled and had real value
August 1924:
Reichsbank given control of a new currency. renamed Reichsmark
DAWES PLAN:
AGREED
SEPTEMBER 1924
Reparation payments in which Germany only 1 billion a year for first 5 years (2.5 million thereafter)
US Banks made 800 million marks loans - making allies trustful they would get reparations
Young Plan
Proposed August 1929 , and agreed January 1930
Reparations reduced from 6.6 billion to 2 billion over a longer time
lower reparations = lower tax
JP Morgan co-ordinated more loans to Germany
Economic Recovery and Weakness
Recovery
Industrial Production levels increased
Exports rose by
40%
Hourly wages rose by
10%
between 1924-29
German chemical industry thrived
Good health and Pension Schemes
Weaknesses
Weaknesses
Germany became dependent on loans
employment increased to
1.9 million
Spent more on imports than learned on exports- Germany in deficit.
Agricultaral levels did not recover
How did they Weimar Government Survive?
Stresseman currency refore prevented economic collapse
Eberts effective actions against communism
People supported government - Passive resistance given and general strike
USA helped with Daves Plan
Both right and left sides of the party weak
Political Issues
No single Party would win a single majority of seats
in 1923 Hindenburg elected president
Coalition in government increase
Nationalist party against SPD and
opposed
policy
International Agreements
Lorcano Pact,1925
Agreed in October 1925
France and Germany agreed to new border, guarenteeing Germnay's frontiers with France and Belgium
Permanent demilitarization of Rhineland
Improved German relations
Boosted confidence and status of weimar republic
League of Nations - 1926
A new interation body that hoped to restore peace - talk about issues and prevent war
Became of powerful member of the council
Germany had a view
Confidence boost
Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
Was one of the 62 countries that signed up to the agreement
Committed to achieve foreign policy objectives and settling disputes
SPD (SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY)
Wanted to get rid of Kaiser
Keep control of Germany
Ebert had support of army to suppress left wing revolutionaries
Kept support of rich and elite