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Regenerative Time - Coggle Diagram

- - - - fertilizers to artificially propell crop yield
    - - human population growth
      - industrialised and unsustainable forms of agriculture
      - factors of climate change
      - intensification of production on available land
  - - - critiques instrumentalization, degradation
        and evacuation of more than human agency
  - - - linear, progressivist
        short-term timelines
        
        rebalance the relations between a diversity of coexisting temporalities that inhabit the worlds of soil and other interdependent ecologies
    - - repetitions of cycles,
        woven relations, long-term
  - - - clash of temporalities (productionism and sustianability)
      - foodweb
    - - combination of geological processes and
        ecological cycles of organisms and plants
      - increased significance of biota
      - multispecies communication of biota make soil
      - organism are soil
        microbial, invertebrate fauna, plants, roots, fungi
      - need to start viewing humans as part of the soil system - humans are soil
- - - - analogous with historical debates about periods
        no formal process by which history is sliced into eras and ages
      - need to rethink relationships between place and periodizaiton
      - theory of Zeitschichten:
        multiple historical times are present at the same moment
      - understand historical temporality as a concretization and thickening of something substantive, movable and durable
      - Can stratigraphical thinking be applied
        to sociopolitical periodization?
    - - simultaneously recognize limitations of scaling from local to global while working on patching regional events into global timeframes
    - - modernity as asynchronous
    - - Spikes fasten particular rocks to a certain geological epoch
      - one spike for every geological epoch on earth
      - location of spike decided upon by commission of 12 - 20 researchers
      - decision is geological and geopolitical as there is pride in having a spike as it marks good geological work of the country
      - but attaching global time period to
        local rock is controversial among
        geologists
        
        just as Ediacaran period floats in Omani rocks, Omani modernity floats in perpetual twenty-year haitus
  - - - deranged optimism about sustainability
        of oil reserves and late capitalism
    - - Modernization
        
        accelerated modernist "Muslim spaceimte"
        
        illusion of instantaneous modernization
        
        limited oil left
        -> liminal, precarious modernity
      - Omanization
        
        delimitation of an Omani national identity
        
        encouraging Omanis to become skilled workers