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Do all substances dissolve? - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Can all covalent molecular substances be dissolved?
        
        Polar covalent molecules can dissolve in polar solvents, whereas nonpolar covalent molecules can dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
        
        When the polarity of the solute and solvent is too different, the intermolecular forces may not be strong enough to dissolve the solute. For instance, nonpolar covalent molecules, such as oils and fats, are insoluble in polar solvents like water because the polar water molecules cannot effectively interact with the nonpolar molecules of the solute.
    - - Can all covalent networks substances be dissolved?
        
        In general, covalent network substances are insoluble in most solvents because their strong covalent bonds require a lot of energy to break apart, and most solvents are unable to provide enough energy to overcome these bonds. Therefore, covalent network substances are typically considered to be very stable and inert.
        https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Crystal_Lattices/Lattice_Basics/Covalent_Network_Solids
    - - Can all ionic substances be dissolved?
        
        Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents, especially water (a very polar substance). Not all ionic compounds are able soluble in water. https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/Chem_201%3A_General_Chemistry_I_OER/04%3A_Introduction_to_Solutions/4.05%3A_Solubility_of_Ionic_Compounds#:~:text=Not%20all%20ionic%20compounds%20are,dissolves%20in%20water%20or%20not.
    - - Can all metals be dissolved?
        
        Strong acids typically dissolve metals, but some metals are stable enough to resist the effects of acid. https://www.wrdw.com/content/news/Acids-more-dangerous-than-hydrochloric-388451992.html#:~:text=Strong%20acids%20typically%20dissolve%20metals,own%20can%20dissolve%20these%20metals.
- - - - A substance that is dissolved in another substance (a solvent), forming a solution.
    - - What makes a good solvent?
        
        Dissolves the compound to be extracted
        
        Does not dissolve impurities
        
        Volatile
        
        Not toxic
        
        Not flammable
        
        http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/~orglabtutorials/Interactive%20Tutorials/separation/Theory/theory6_2.htm#:~:text=Dissolves%20the%20compound%20to%20be,Not%20toxic%2C%20not%20flammable.
      - Common solvents
        
        Polar
        
        Water is the most common solvent (universa; solvent), especially for polar substances.
        
        Methylated spirits (contains hydrogen bonding)
        
        Ethanol
        
        Ammonia solution
        
        Nonpolar
        
        Turpentine
        
        Kerosene
        
        Petrol
        
        Benzene
      - A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
    - - What is a saturated solution?
        
        A solution with solute that dissolves until it is unable to dissolve anymore, leaving the undissolved substances at the bottom. https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/Types_of_Saturation#:~:text=Saturated%20Solution,undissolved%20substances%20at%20the%20bottom.
      - A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility.
        https://www.britannica.com/science/solution-chemistry
  - - - When a substance dissolves in a solvent, it means that the molecules or ions of the substance are evenly distributed throughout the solvent. This results in a homogeneous mixture known as a solution.
      - Some signs that a substance has dissolved in a solvent include:
        
        Saturation: If the solvent cannot dissolve any more of the substance, it has reached saturation, and the excess substance will remain as solid particles or precipitate at the bottom of the container.
        
        Taste or odor: If the dissolved substance has a distinct taste or odor, it will be noticeable in the solution.
        
        Conductivity: If the dissolved substance is an electrolyte, the solution will conduct electricity.
        
        Color: The color of the solution may change if the dissolved substance imparts color to the mixture.
        
        Transparency: If the mixture is clear and transparent, it indicates that the substance has dissolved in the solvent.