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Muscoskeletal system - Coggle Diagram
Muscoskeletal system
Skeletal system
Consists of 206 bones
Bind by ligaments to form joints (MCQ)
Also known as the skeleton
Function (SAQ)
A rigid framework to give shape to body
Supports and protect softer structure in the body
Individual bones serve as levers for muscles to provide movement
Storage sites for mineral such as calcium and phosphorus. Lipids are stored in yellow bone marrow
Blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow
Cells required for growth of bones (MCQ & SAQ)
Osteoblast
Also known as bone-building cells
Function
Forms bones by secreting calcium and phosphorus into spaces between membranes
Osteocyte
Also known as mature bone cells
Function: Monitor and mantain bone tissues
Osteoclasts
Aka bone destroying cells
Function: Break down bones, thus releasing calcium and phosphate
Factors for the growth and development of long bones
Dietary factors
Vitamin D--Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Hormonal factors (Must explain one)
Pituitary gland produce growth hormone
Thyroid glands produces calcitonin (Higher calcium uptake into bone, thus lower blood calcium)
Parathyroid glands--Parathyroid hormones (Lower calcium uptake into bbone, thus higher blood calcium
Physical factors (SAQ)
Weight-bearing exercise
Rest
Enable recovery after strenuous activities
Classification of bones (MCQ)
Long bone except wrist and bones
Compact bone (Outer)
From the outer bone
Thin at extremities
Dense and hard
Thick in the shaft of bone
Cancellous bone (Inner)
Made up of spongy tissues
Forms 2 extremities
Hard and strong
Periosteum
Cover and nourish bones
Articular cartilage
Found on the outer surface of epiphysis
Function: Allow movement of bones without friction
Nutrient artery
Medullar cavity
Red bone marrow
Production of red blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Storage site for fats
Short bone
Flat bone
Thin bones that form the body cavities
Consist of
Single layer of cancellous tissue
E.g Ribs (12 pairs), Sternum, Scapula, pelvis & patella
Irregular bone
No specific shape
E.g back bone & Face bone
Consist of cancellous and compact bone
Made up of 2 parts
Axial skeleton
Axis or upright, central part of body
Includes
Cranium
Frontal bone (1)
Temporal bone (2)
Parietal bone (2)
Face
Mandible
Middle ear bones (SAQ)
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Hyoid bones
Veterbral column
26 bones
Bony thorax
12 pairs
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the appendages
Includess
Shoulder girdle
2 Scapula (Shoulder blade)
2 Clavivles (Collar bone)
Upper exttremities
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal bones
Metacarpal bones
Phalanges
Lower extrmities
Femur
Patella
Tibia (Shin) & Fibula
Tarsal bone
Metatarsal bone
Phalanges