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Organic Chemistry - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Uses two p orbitals. Leaves one p orbital unhybridized
        
        C,N,O
    - - Uses all three p orbitals. No orbits are left unhybridized
        
        C,N,O
    - - Uses only one p orbital. Leaves two p orbital unhybridized.
        
        C,N
  - - - Secondary bonds
      - More reactive
      - Weaker bonds
    - - Primary bonds
  - - - Bonded to two other carbon atoms
    - - Bonded to three other carbon atoms
    - - Bonded to another carbon atom
    - - Bonded to fourother carbon atoms
- - - - In this reaction pi bonds are eliminated through the addition of H2O, this creates compounds with an OH group
    - - In this reaction pi bonds are eliminated through the addition of hydrogen atoms and halogens such as: chlorine, flourine, and bromine.
        
        When the pi bonds are eliminated hydrogen atoms are attracted to the carbon with more hydrogens, and the halogen is added to the carbon with les hydrogens
    - - In this reaction pi bonds are eliminated through the addition of hydrogen atoms.
    - - Electrophiles are electron deficient molecules.
      - Nucleophiles are electron rich molecules.
  - - - This is the opposite of hydro halogenation. Here the molecule loses an HX compound (X being a halogen) This also creates a pi bond between carbons.
    - - Dehydration is the oposite of hydration. Insted of adding an OH group and a hydrogen atom, we remove them. This creates a C to C double bond and H2O as a byproduct
  - - - Initiation
        
        An external factor initiates the reaction between a halogen and an alkane
      - Propagation
        
        The radicals formed due to the reaction keep reacting with alkanes
        
        Free radicals are unpaired electrons, they are highly reactive
      - Final
        
        After a while, two free radicals may run into eachother and stop the chain reaction