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Coastal Management - Coggle Diagram
Coastal Management
Hard engineering- more expensive, man-made physical structures that make dramatic changes to the landscape.
Groynes- can be stone or wooden. They jut out perpendicular to the coastline, and work to stop longshore drift from taking sediment away from beaches by stopping waves from travelling far.
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Need frequent replacement, therefore expensive in the long-term.
Unattractive, therefore bad for tourism.
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Rip-rap/rock armour- large boulders placed in front of a cliff or sea wall to absorb a wave's energy.
Good/natural looking, therefore good for tourism.
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Relatively cheap if small scale, but can be expensive if large scale, and transporting all the heavy boulders is both difficult and expensive.
Gabions- Small rocks encases in wire, made to absorb wave energy.
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Unattractive, therefore bad for tourism.
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Soft engineering- cheaper, less dramatic changes that try to work closely with nature.
Beach recharge/nourishment- where sand on beaches has been eroded, new sand is brought in.
Good/natural looking, therefore good for tourism.
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Cheap if small scale, but can be expensive if large scale, because implanted sand erodes quicker.
Managed retreat- controlled flooding of low-lying coastal areas of lower value, like farmland, creating wetlands/salt marshes, preventing more valuable land from being eroded.
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When farmland is flooded, compensation must be provided for the farmer, which can be expensive, depending on how much farmland is flooded.