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Opium War Revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Nemesis warship, 660 ton iron steamer, 3.7 m deep.
        
        Criticial at Chuanpi wehre it unoaded 600 sepoys and shot congreve rockets at chinese junks
      - 48 ships, 540 guns. 6 million pounds of coal.
      - Sheer resources
        
        4,000 men which increased to 12,000 men by the end of the second opium war.
        
        Men trained and experienced from colonial wars.
      - Briitsh cannons could fire 25% furhter than Chinese.
        
        Battle fo the Barrier- British used long range rockets and aritllery to blow apafry the chinese guns that threatened the GB troops.
    - - Battle of the Barrier
        
        use of weapons that could shoot 25% farther.
      - Humiliation tactics
        
        Chapu may 1842 - 500-600 chinese woimen raped and killed
      - Reinforcements
        
        June 1840 Army of Indian sepoys that would then be crucial to c`pturing the Bogue forts.
      - Brtish captuted warehouses and river barges in which silver was stoied- limited chinese ability to pay soldiers and fund warfare.
  - - - Fear of Daoguang
        
        Lin Zexu's report at the battle of Chuenpi
        
        Ningpo and Tinghai 'fields of slaughter'
        
        Qishan's Chuanbi convention 1841
      - Cohesion?
        
        Wellusey City - officals refused demands and asked why they wre being implicated with stuff to do with Canton.
        
        Final battle of Peking soldiers began fighting for the British.
    - - China 800,000 military force, only 30-40% had direaarmsn
      - Fort of Shanghai had only 250 artillerty pieices.
      - Matchlock weapons compared to
    - - Battle of Sanyuani- 10,000 forces from 100 different villages- only killed 14 britihs but seen as a huge victor.y
- - - - Between 1828-1836 Mexico suffered a 56% reduction in silver exports. Chinese taxes and economy run on silver. Value of copper rose, as did Chinese taxes.
        
        one tael for 1000 copper cash, but by 1830's reached 2600. Led to taxes rising.
        
        Trade deficit of 2 million by 1838.
    - - 90% of citizens in Hubei addicted to Opium.
      - By 1830s, up to 20% of central gov. officials, 30% of local consumed opium. Daoguang emperor was addict.
      - 1820 exports were 4,500, 1830 10,000 and 1840 30,00000 ollowing the removal of the EIC's monopoly on trade
      - Spending on opium caused a stagnation of othe goods, and local officials grew rich from smuggling, but legitimate revenue dried up.
        
        Appointment of Lin Zexu 1838
        
        Success in Hunan where he had confiscated 5000 pipes and 12,000 ounces of opium
        
        march 1839 ordered all opium to be handed over
        
        Trade embargo and traps foreigners for 47 days
        
        28,000 chests destroyed in Canton harbour worth $25 million on 5th May
        
        Chinese gov. made directly liable to crown.
    - - 1 Qing official for 250,000 citizens
      - Han Manchu divide
      - Population increase to 430 million
      - 20,000 government positions for 1 million degree holders
      - White lotus rebellion in 1794 cost gov 130m taels.
  - - - The EIC
        
        1800 buying 23 million pounds of tea per year at the cost of 3.6 million pounds od silver. Needed to find alternative commodity to trade for payment as didn't want silver to be trained out of England.
        
        Monopoly terminated in 1834.
        
        56% decline in world silver meant that tea exports declined. Opium became essential to maintain tea trade that saw 5% of british revenue spent on.
        
        EIC was in 28m debt.
        
        by 1830 $34 million worth of tea was shipped out of China in exchange for Opium.
    - - Chuenpi - 3rd Nov. 1839 2 british frigates vs 29 junks- 15 chinese killed
      - Kowloon July 1939 - british offificals refused to hadn over culrputs. Lin poisoned wells, prohibited food sales and siezed english property- 2000 foreigners left HK.
      - Canton system
        
        unable to talk directly to Qing officials
        
        only allowed to live in Canton for a couple of months
        
        had to dock at Whampoa and then move on smaller boats to Canton