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ALKENES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Products: Alkane
      - Conditions (1): Ni catalyst, High t.p.
      - Reactants: Alkene, H2 (g)
      - Conditions (2): Pd/Pt catalyst, r.t.p.
    - - Reactants: Alkene, Br2/Cl2 in IOS / Br2 (l)
      - Products: Cl / Br halogenoalkane
      - Conditions: dark, r.t.p.
      - Observations
        
        Br2 in IOS: Orange-red -> Colourless
        
        Cl2 in IOS: Pale Yellow -> Colourless
        
        Br2 (l): Reddish Brown -> Colourless
      - Distinguishing Test between Alkanes and Alkenes (Alkanes don't undergo addition)
    - - Reactants: Alkene, Steam [H2O (g)]
      - Conditions: Conc. H3PO4 catalyst, High t.p.
      - Products: Alcohol (H and OH added across C = C)
    - - Reactants: Alkene, Dry Hydrogen Halide (g) / Hydrogen Halide in IOS
      - Products: Halogenoalkane
      - Conditions: r.t.p.
  - - - Sootier flame than Alkanes
      - % Composition by mass of C in Alkenes > Alkanes
    - - CO2 and H2O products
    - - CO and H2O products
  - - - Reverse of Addition (Hydration)
      - Saturated to Unsaturated
      - Reactants: Alcohol
      - Products: Alkene, Water
      - Conditions (1): Excess conc. H2SO4, 170°C
      - Conditions (2): Al2O3, 350°C
    - - See Alkanes
- - - - Chain Isomerism
        
        Molecules with different C-chain arrangements
      - Positional Isomerism
        
        Molecules with different positions of the same functional group on a C-chain
        
        In Alkenes
        
        Different positions of C = C along the C-chain
      - Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
- - - - Follow Alkanes
      - parent chain is the longest chain with C = C
    - - Functional Group
        
        Use suffix "-ene"
        
        Numbers (separated by commas) are added (if needed when there is more than one possible location to place the C = C) to show the C = C position
        
        Numbers and words are separated by a hyphen (e.g. pent-2-ene)
    - - Parent chain is numbered starting from the end closest to C = C
- - - - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
        
        Monomer: Chloroethene (C2H3Cl)
        
        Uses
        
        Water pipes
        
        Waterproof plastic sheets
        
        Electric cable and wire insulation
      - Polythene
        
        Monomer: Ethene (C2H4)
        
        Uses
        
        Plastic film for wrapping fresh vegetables and meat
        
        Plastic bottles and bags
        
        Buckets and pipes
    - - 200°C, 2000 atm
    - - Monomer, Small amt of O2 to initiate reaction