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Ethnicity and Education - Coggle Diagram
Ethnicity and Education
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Subcultures - Internal
Sewell 1998 - students adopt strategies to cope with racism. Teachers see black boys as rebellious and anti-authority. Pupils respond in one of four ways:
- The rebels - they lived up to the label, seeing themselves as superior of white boys
- The conformists - keen to succeed and avoid the stereotypes
- The retreatists - disconnected from school and the black subcultures
- The innovators - pro-education but anti-school. They changed between the rebels and the conformists
Sewell also recognises how school subcultures are influenced by external factors such as the absence of fathers as role models. Arnot 2004 adds 'media images of ultra tough black masculinity promoted via rap lyrics and MTV videos' influences subcultures
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