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Environment and Ecology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Temperature
      - Atmosphere
      - Rainfall
      - Substratum - Soil
      - Light
    - - Green Plants - use photosynthesis for food
      - Animals - Living organisms both Biotic and Abiotic organisms for survival. A delicate balance of their relationship with climate
  - - - A species is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding in nature and produce fertile offspring.
      - A dog, an elephant and a Lily are examples of different species. Every species has a specific set of genetic characteristics that distinguishes it from other species. Organisms in one species are incapable of reproducing with organisms in another species.
    - - Adaptation, is the adjustment of organisms to their environment in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment. Adaptation is characterized as an organism's appearance, behavior, structure or mode of life that enables it to survive in a given environment. For example, Giraffes have very long necks. They can eat tall vegetation, which other animals cannot reach. A lion cannot survive in an ocean.
      - Adaptations can be observed in structure or behavior or Physiology of an Organism. For example, presence of gills and fins in fishes are adaptations to aquatic habitat. The absence of wood formation and a severely reduced root system are adaptations to aquatic conditions in aquatic flowering plants.
      - Adaptations have a genetic basis and are perfected through evolution.
      - As a consequence of mutation, variations appear full stop. Which variety will prosper and thrive is determined by competition and natural selection. Variations that help a species succeed in its fights for survival are welcomed and promoted.
      - Natural selection, as described by Darwin, is an evolutionary force that selects among variations or genes, which aids the organism adjust to its environment. Collection causes certain genes to replicate more often in a population. Offspring who are adopted to that immediate environment have a greater chance of survival, reaching reproductive age and passing on the appropriate adaptations to their offspring.
      - Thus, as a result of evolution is diversity of species and adaptation.
    - - The habitat of an animal is a physical space in which it resides and which includes its environment. Each organism needs a habitat to survive, live and reproduce.
      - Many species with similar requirement can co-exist in the same habitat. For e.g.- A single forest ecosystem may accommodate tiger, a deer, a fox, a gaur and a variety of other species.
      - The size of habitat varies. From a piece of wood to a huge forest, both can be habitats. The components of habitat are space, food, water and shelter.
      - Earth has 4 major habitats - Terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and ocean or marine habitat.
    - - A species' Niche describes how it fits within its environment. In Ecology, the term Niche describes the role played by an organism in a community. A species' Niche includes physical and environmental conditions and their interaction with the other species.
      - The unique multidimensional fingerprint of a species is called its Niche. If the habitat of a species is considered its address, its niche is similar to its profession.
      - Species with small or restricted niches are generally referred to as specialist species. A niche is peculiar to a species. No two species have niches that are exactly alike.
      - Niche plays an important role in conservation of organisms.
      - Example many different species of insects may be pests of the same plant. That they can coexist as they feed on different parts of the same plant.
    - - A Biosphere is a relatively thin life supporting stratum of the Earth's surface that extends from a few kilometres into the atmosphere to deep sea event in the ocean.
      - It is a Global ecosystem. It is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists.
    - - The terrestrial part of the Biosphere which is divisible into large regions called Biomes.
      - Biomes are categorized by climate, vegetation, animal life and general soil type. In Biomes all biota have some characteristics in common, and all biome areas have more or less uniform environmental conditions.
    - - It is a group or collection of organisms and their physical environment interacting with each other as an ecological unit.
      - Ecosystems contain biotic and abiotic parts.
      - All that exists in an ecosystem is reliant on the other organisms and elements that make up that ecosystem. When one aspect of the ecosystem is disrupted or dies, it affects the rest of the ecosystem.
    - - It is a group of organisms consisting of different species that live in an area and interact with each other.
      - The marine ecosystem that includes the angel fish includes the population of other fish, corals and the variety of other organisms is a community.
    - - A group of individuals belonging to the same species.
      - They live in a definite area and interact with each other. Eg - all of the angel fish living in the same area of ocean make the angel fish population.
    - - 1st level of hierarchy in the ecological hierarchy ladder, which investigates how an organism investigates with its surroundings. Organisms' biological, morphological and physiological development is studied.
      - Aspects of evolution are studied of a particular organism. Eg. - Why Giraffe's have a long neck?