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DIGESTIVE & URINARY; PATTY GORDON; P1 - Coggle Diagram
DIGESTIVE & URINARY; PATTY GORDON; P1
Major functions of the digestive system
Break down food
Absorb nutrients
Major organs of the digestive system
Mouth; mechanical breakdown of food
Pharynx; connects mouth with esophagus
Stomach; secretes acid & enzymes; begins digestion of proteins
Small intestine; main site of nutrient absorption
Large intestine; absorbs water & electrolytes to form feces
Rectum; Regulates elimination of feces
Salivary glands; secrete saliva/initiate breakdown of carbohydrates
Liver; produces bile which emulsifies fat
Gallbladder; Stores & concentrates bile & releases into small intestine
Pancreas; produces & secretes pancreatic juice
Anus
Major functions of the urinary system
Filters salts & wastes from the blood
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes & water
Regulates pH & body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cell production & blood pressure
Major organs of the digestive system
Kidneys; filter blood
Ureters; Transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary bladder; stores urine
Urethra; conveys urine to outside of body
Digestive enzymes
Salivary amylase; begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch to disaccharides
Pepsin; begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amylase; breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase; breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol
Proteolytic lipase; break down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides
Nucleases; break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Peptidase; breaks down peptides into amino acids
Sucrase, maltase, lactase; break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase; break down fats into fatty acids & glycerol
Enterokinase; converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Layers of the GI tract
Mucosa; inner layer of digestive tract; lining of the GI tract; carries on secretion and absorption of dietary nutrients
Submucosa; located directly under the mucosa;
contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes
Muscularis; made of 2 layer of smooth muscle; moves food along digestive tract
Serosa; outer layer the alimentary canal; secretes a watery fluid to reduce friction
Nephron anatomy & physiology
Glomerulus; filters water and small substances from blood plasm
Glomerular capsule; enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
Glomerular capillaries; very small blood vessels within the glomerulus of the kidney through which plasma is filtered
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT); first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; most reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
Collecting Duct
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Location of digestion & absorption of each macromolecule
Glycogen; converted from glucose and stored in liver
Cellulose; complex carbohydrate that human cannot digest located in cell walls
Disaccharides; located in small intestine
Monosaccharides
Glucose; present in blood stored in liver
Triglycerides; located in intestinal cells
Lipids; located in blood & throughout body
Lipoproteins; protein and fat clusters that transport fats in the blood
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Peptic ulcers
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Cholecystitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Bladder cancer
Colon disease
Kidney stones
Urinary tract infection (UTI)