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Lilibeth Ovalle P2 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Lilibeth Ovalle P2 Digestive & Urinary System
Major organs of the digestive system
Mouth
- Where the digestive system begins. Mastication chews up the food and salivary glands has digestive juices that creates bolus
Esophagus
- After swallowing, peristalsis transports the food down to the stomach
Stomach
- Glands in stomach lining creates enzymes to chemical breakdown food. Muscles help with digestion.
Pancreas
- Makes digestive juice and transports it to small intestine via ducts
Liver
- Makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins
Gallbladder
- Stores bile and releases it into small intestines
Small intestine
- Moves water into bloodstream. Makes digestive juices to mix with bile and fully digest food. Also absorbs nutrients
Large intestine
- Moves more water into bloodstream. Finishes digestion and creates the waste products. Including stool
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestion of food
Absorption of nutrients from food
Elimination of solid food waste
Major functions of the urinary system
removes waste from your blood in the form of urine
regulate your blood volume and pressure
controls the level of chemicals and salts
Major organs of urinary system
Kidneys
- Remove wastes and extra fluid from your body
Renal pelvis
- Acts as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter
Ureters
- Filter blood and create urine as a waste product
Bladder
- Holds urine
Urethra
- Tube allows urine to pass outside the body
Digestive enzymes
Amylase
- Made in mouth and Pancreas. Function is to break down carbohydrates and convert into sugars
Lipase
- Made in Pancreas and Salivary glands. Function is to digest fats
Protease
- Produced in small intestines. Breakdowns protein into amino acids
Lactase
- Produced in small intestine. Helps digest lactose
Sucrase
- Located in intestines. Helps digest sugar
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Proteins
: Digested in stomach and small intestine
Nucleic acid
: Digested in small intestines
Carbohydrates
: Digested and absorbed in the small intestine
Lipids
: Digested in the oral cavity and stomach. Absorbed in the small intestine
Layers of the GI tract
The mucosa
: functions in absorption and secretion
Epithelium: Secretes gel to prevent irritation
Lamina propria: thin layer of connective tissue that
Muscular mucosae: the deepest layer of mucosa
Submucosa
: Allows the mucosa to move flexibly during peristalsis
Muscularis propria
: Used for peristalsis
Inner circular muscle layer
Intermuscular space
Intermuscular space
Serosa
: Carries blood vessels and nerves to the wall of the digestive tube
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Glomerular Capsule
- Collects filtered material from the glomerus
Distal convulated tubule
- Regulates calcium and extracellular fluid volume
Nephron loop
: Reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtration
Proximal convulated loop
- Carries the filtered fluid deep down into the medulla
Bowmans capsule
: participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries
Collecting tubule
- Collects tubule from nephrons and moves it into ureters
Thick ascending loop
- Regulates fluid volume and contents
Descending loop
- Reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Bladder cancer
: Cells in bladder grow uncontrollably. Symptoms include blood in urine. Can be treated through surgery and chemotherapy
Cholecystitis
: Inflammation of gallbladder caused by trapped bile. Symptoms are severe pain in the upper right belly and bloating. Treatment is surgery
Appendicitis
- Appendix gets filled with something that causes it to swell, such as mucus, stool, or parasites. Treatments involve surgery
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach. Symptoms include heartburn. Treatments include over counter medications
Ulcerative Colitis
: Chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Causes inflammation in the digestive tract. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and pain. Can be treated by antiflammarotry drug
UTI
; An infection in any part of the urinary system. Symptoms include pelvic pain, pain while urinating, and blood in urine.Treatment includes antibiotics
Irritable bowel syndrome-
Identified by pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation. Can be treated thorough laxatives, supplements, or antidiarreheol