Digestive & Urinary System
Ashley Vargas
Per.5
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Major organs of the digestive system
Major functions of the digestive system
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Major organs of the urinary systems
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Major functions of the urinary system
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Nephrons are the structural and functional units that forms urine in the Kidneys.There are also 2 main parts which are renal corpuscle &renal tubule
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Break it down into nutrient molecules
Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
Take in food
Rid body of any indigestible remains
Urinary bladder: temporary storage reservoir for urine
Urethra: transports urine out of body
Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Kidney( major excretory organ): maintain the body’s internal environment
Regulating ion concentrations in extracellular fluid (ECF)
Excreting metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs
Regulating water volume
Producing erythropoietin
Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal or GI tract or gut)
Accessory digestive organs
stomach:a temporary storage tank that starts chemical breakdown of protein digestion
esophagus: Flat muscular tube that runs from laryngopharynx to stomach
small intestine: the major organ of digestion and absorption
pharynx:Allows passage of food, fluids, and air
large intestine: has three unique features not seen elsewhere
mouth: the oral (buccal) cavity lined with stratified squamous epithelium
anus: last segment of large intestine that opens to body exterior
Salivary glands: functions of saliva
Liver: digestive function is production of bile
Gallbladder: chief function is storage of bile
Pancreas: supplies most of enzymes needed to digest chyme, as well as bicarbonate
to neutralize stomach acid
Tongue: Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste
Teeth: lie in sockets in gum-covered margins of mandible and maxilla
Ensuring long-term acid-base balance
Submucosa: Has abundant amount of elastic tissues that help organs to regain shape after storing
large meal
Muscularis externa: Muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Mucosa: Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
Serosa:Outermost layer, which is made up of the visceral peritoneum
Stomach: wall contains regular four tunics. Smooth muscles allow stomach not only to churn, mix, and move chyme, but also to pummel it, which increases physical breakdown and ram it into small intestine