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LIBERALISM, COUNTER-CULTURE, AND THE CONSERVATIVE REACTION, 1960-80 -…
LIBERALISM, COUNTER-CULTURE, AND THE CONSERVATIVE REACTION, 1960-80
LIBERALISM
Second red scare and increasing violence against black CR campaigners made many Americans feel uneasy about the political climate.
New Liberalism took off under JFK:
- forward-thinking
- flexible
- welfare of the people
- less suspicious abroad
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- Usually middle class, educated
- Supported CR
- Supported social welfare
- Supported equality
- Believed govt intervention could improve things
Liberals introduced the ideas of positive discrimination:
- preferential treatment in areas such as employment or education, given to minority groups.
Liberals were following a move in public opinion. Support for liberal measures, CR, equality, legalising abortion all increased during the 1960s.
COUNTERCULTURE
Young people, rejecting traditional values, anti-war
Hippies:
- Communal societies
- Against capitalism, believed in piece and simple way of life
- Sexual freedom
- Anti Vietnam War.
WoodStock Festival 1969:
- About 500,000 people came
- Music loud, drugs available
- combination of music and alternative culture.
Radical Student Groups:
- Wanted to change society in USA to make a more equal world
- Wanted to end Vietnam War
- Wanted to change the way their courses were organised.
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS):
- rejected all forms of bigotry
- protested (often violently) against the Vietnam War
- Organised the first mass rally against Vietnam war in 1965
Free Speech Movement:
- Led a campaign at on the Uni of Berkeley in California in 1964.
- Sit-ins, peaceful protest, and other tactics used by CRM to push for press speech on campus.
- Helped mobilise nationwide student protests about Uni governance.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTEST
Hippies raised awareness of different religions and environmentalism and contributed to more liberal attitudes towards sex and drugs
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Protests help generate a conservative reaction and contributed to Nixon's victory in the 1968 election.
Nixon won the election due to:
- democrat divisions over Vietnam
- Many Americans being disappointed/disillusioned with the protest/riots