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Digestive & Urinary System Elena Martinez P3 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System Elena Martinez P3
Major functions of the digestive system
mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
The digestive system carries out the process of digestion
Mechanical digestion breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones; chemical composition is not changed by this process
Chemical digestion breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds
Major organs of the digestive system
Salivary Glangs
Mouth
Liver
Gallbladder
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Pancreas
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Macromolecule
Region in Alimentary System Digested
Proteins
Stomach and small intestine
Nucleic acids
Small intestine
Carbohydrates
Oral cavity and small intestine
Lipids
Oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
All segments of the GI tract are divided into four layers: the mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, and muscular mucosae), the submucosa, the muscularis propria (inner circular muscle layer, intermuscular space, and outer longitudinal muscle layer)
Major organs of the urinary system
Kidneys
Urethra
Renal Pelvis
Bladder
Ureters
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Lipase
Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars. Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids.
Sucrase
Sucrase. This digestive enzyme breaks apart sucrose or sugars.
Amylase
Amylase breaks down carbs and starches; Protease works on proteins; Lipase handles fats.
Protease
Proteases and peptidases split proteins into small peptides and amino acids.
Lactase
Lactase: This is a significant enzyme that converts lactose into glucose and galactose.
Lactase
Lactase: This is a significant enzyme that converts lactose into glucose and galactose.
Maltase
Maltase (saliva, pancreas) breaks down maltose, a sugar in grains.
Pepsin
Trypsin and lipase in the stomach digest protein. Bile emulsifies lipids in the small intestine.
Trypsin
Pepsin is one of the main proteases involved in protein digestion and is secreted in the stomach
Nephron anatomy and physiology
A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys that regulates water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine.
Its function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity
Major functions of the urinary system
The urinary system keeps everything in balance by removing waste, like urea, extra salt, extra water and other things the body does not need.. Urea is produced when protein, found in meats, is broken down in the body.
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Bartter syndrome
bladder cancer.
Bright disease
celiac disease.
cholecystitis
cholera
cirrhosis