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Clauses - Coggle Diagram
Clauses
Relative clauses
give us more information about the nouns
that/which
for things and animals
where
for places
why
for reasons
when
for times
who/that/whom
for people
whose
for possession
defining relative clauses
provide essential information about a noun. They cannot be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence
They usually start with relative pronouns like "that," "which," "who," etc
Non defining relative clauses
provide additional, non-essential information about a noun
They are usually set off by commas and start with relative pronouns like "which," "who," etc.
Prepositions in relative clauses
are used to introduce phrases that modify nouns within the relative clause. These prepositional phrases provide additional information about the noun
They can come before or after the relative pronoun.Examples include "in which," "on which," "with whom," etc
Participle clauses
are used to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a more concise way.
. They consist of a present participle (-ing form) or a past participle (-ed, -en, etc.) and can convey various meanings such as cause, time, reason, or condition
Participle clauses to replace relative clauses
Participle clauses can be used to replace relative clauses in some cases, especially when the information is non-essential.
examples
"The book that was written by Hemingway is a classic" can be rewritten as "The book written by Hemingway is a classic."
The man who is sitting over there is my neighbor" can be rewritten as "The man sitting over there is my neighbor."
Participle clauses with conjuctions and prepositions
can provide additional information in a sentence while linking it to the main clause
These constructions often use conjunctions like "while," "although," "since," "because," etc., and prepositions like "with," "by," "after," etc. Examples include: