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I'm So Pale, image - Coggle Diagram
I'm So Pale
Erythropoiesis
Starts with pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
differentiate into
Proerythroblasts
differentiate into
Basophilic erythroblasts
differentiate into
Polychromatic erythroblasts
differentiate into
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Regulated by
Erythropoietin
produced by
Interstitial cells of kidneys
stimulated by
Hypoxia
Happens in
Primarily the red bone marrow
present in
All the bones in infancy
Flat bones and epiphysis of long bones in adulthood
Anemia Diagnosis
Blood smear
Look if there is
Abnormal morphology
Anisocytosis
(Size)
Anisochromia
(Color)
Poikilocytosis
(Shape)
Iron Profile
Total iron-binding capacity
Ferritin
Serum iron
Transferrin saturation
CBC test
RBC count
Hemoglobin saturation
Packed cell volume
RBC indices
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW
Physical examination and organomegaly
Awake or drowsy
Lower palpebral conjunctiva
Tongue examination
Nail beds
Splenomegaly
Due to
Extramedullary hematopoesis
Fecal occult blood
External
Internal
Anal fissure
Iron Metabolism
Stages of Iron Metabolism
Consists of
Transport
Mediated by
Ferroportin
Hephaestin (Fe2+ to Fe3)
Storage
Stored as
Ferritin
Absorption
Mediated by
Heme carrier protein 1 (For Fe2+)
Fe2+ reacts with
Hemo oxygenase 2
Ferroreductase (For Fe3+)
Fe2+ moves through
Divalent metal transporter 1
Fe2+
4.Excretion
dependant on
Shedding of the enterocytes
Regulation
Mediated by
Hepcidin
Inhibits
Ferroportin
Anemia
Defined as
Reduced hemoglobin levels or RBCs in Blood.
Divided into
Folate & B12 deficiency
Aplastic Anemia
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Results from
Blood loss
Poor absorption
Insufficient iron intake
Symptoms include
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Results from
Inherited mutation
Affect
Hemoglobin producing gene
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Bone marrow failure to produce new blood cells
Cause by
Toxins
Autoimmune
Sickle cells Anemia
Inherited Blood disorder
Affect
The shape of the cell
Required for RBCs production
Treatment involves
Supplementations
Pathophysiology of Anemia
classified based on
Etiology
Increased blood loss
Defective maturation of erythropoiesis
Increased RBC’s destruction (hemolysis)
Morphological classification
Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL)
seen in
Iron deficiency anemia
Caused by
Low dietary intake
Decrease absorption
Increase
demand
seen in
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Blood loss
Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL)
Normocytic (MCV 80–100 fL)
Management of IDA
Various iron formulations
Carbonyl iron 100%
Ferrous fumarate 33%
Ferrous sulfate 20%
Ferric ammonium citrate 18%
Ferrous gluconate 12%
