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Mind - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Mental divisibility
        
        Corpus callosum cut and the pre-frontal cortex and losing functions
        
        Subconscious elements to our psyche.
        
        Personality disorders?
        
        Response:
        
        Mental and physical objects are divisible in different ways- mental objects are functionally, rather than spatially divisible. However, these different functions perfromed are not physically seperate locations.
        
        Counter the location idea with the pre frontal cortex claim
      - Physical divisibility
        
        Where do we stop dividing?
        
        waves and divisibility
        
        can running be divided
        
        wittgenstein counter that we are dividing a property of a divisible substance rather than the substance itself.
    - - Mind without body as being inconceivable
      - Conceivable as metaphysically possible - pythagoras
      - Metaphysically possible and the real world - unicorn.
      - Masked man fallacy
        
        I know who my father is, I don't know who the masked man is, the masked man and my father have different properties, therefore the masked man and my father are two distinct things.
      - evolution - seperate substnace and evolution?
  - - - A zombie world is not conceivable
      - What is conceivable is not metaphysically possible, and what is metaphysically possible is not always real.
    - - P1) Mary knows Everything there is to know about colour. P2) Mary learns something new when she experiences colour vision herself P3) Therefore there is more to know about colour that what is given in the complete physical account of it. C) Physicalism is false
        
        New knowledge, old fact
        
        I know there is water in that glass- I know there is H20 in that glass. She gains the phenomenal concept of it, which is merely a different way of understanding it.
        
        Ability hypothesis
        
        Bike riding analogy- knows physical facts but can't do it.
        
        Mary would already know
        
        rejects main premise that mary would learn something new. If Mary really did know all the physical facts then this would include knowledge of what it's like to see red.
        
        Acquaintance hypothesis
        
        Knowing Donald Trump- couldn't say you knew him if you'd never met him.
    - - easy problems are functionally definable (how the brain can react to environmental stimuli)
      - The hard problem of consciousness is where one cannot study the brain to find out the solution
  - - - Conscious experiences are merely a bi-product of physical actions and causes, and the mind supervenes the body. In this way, it is dualist, but only with interaction going one way. Mental events cannot influence physical events.
        
        Evolution
        
        Evidence of introspection
        
        just because we see them happening at the time (interaction between mental and physical) doesn't mean that there is a causal reaction
        
        Role of qualia
        
        self knowledge
        
        Other minds
        
        free will
        
        governed by physical process- cannot have complete free will- to fly for example
    - - When God created the universe each substance so that it would unfold under its own dynamic in such a way that events in one would correspond with events in the other. One is pre-programmed
        
        free will
    - - There is no causal relationship between the mind and the body, merely a correlation between states. God is the causal agent for all of our actions.
        
        Problem of Evil
  - - - Princess of Bohemia: P1) it is inconceivable for two things to causally interact unless their surfaces come into contact with each other. P2) According to substance dualism, the mind is unextended and has no surface. P3) The body is extended. IC) therefore it is inconceivable for the mind to interact with the body
        
        Response that things don't have to touch - Descartes Rock and Gravity-
        
        Gravity does have extension in space.
    - - Law of the conservation of energy
        
        there is a transfer of energy from cause to effect, the total amount of energy always remains the same in the system
      - The physical universe is a closed system. In an closed system energy must be conserved. The mind and the body causally interact. Causation involves a transfer of energy. Either the mind is physical or it must not interact with the body
        
        Re-distribution
        
        energy needed to redistribute
        
        cancellation - wormhole
        
        just retarded.
        
        mental and physical actions have a fundamental relationship
        
        we can't give an account of how the mental causes particular events in the physical, we just know it does. We don't know how gravity works.
  - - - Mills analogy
        
        I have a mind. P2) I know from experience that my behaviour is caused by mental states. P3) Other people have bodies similar to mine and behave in similar ways to me when in similar situations. P4) Therefore, by anaology, their behaviour is caused by their mental states. C) other people have minds
        
        Analogical problems
        
        Inductive generalisaton from one observable example- blackbird with red beak for
        
        Behaviour across humanity is not uniform- hard to infer that people have similar mental states to me if their behaviour is dramatically different in the same situation
        
        Ascribing mental states
        
        For us to make sense of our own mental states, for example, what is means to say that we’re feeling angry, we need to also learn what it means to say of someone else that they are angry
    - - mental things in the same category as physical things. Team spirit example in a cricket team.
- - - - Problems
        
        Location
        
        If Pain and c fibres firing are identical then they must share all the same properties. C fibres have a precise physical location. Pain does not have a precise physical location. Therefore, pain and c fibres firing are not identical.
        
        Multiple realisability
        
        Pain cannot be reduced to brain states such as c fibres firing because mental states are multiply realisable. In other words, the same mental state can come from many different brain states. For example, Dog, or bob the alien.
  - - - Asymetry between self and others. It's clear there is a big different between how you experience your own mental states and other people's. If behaviourism were true, this shouldn't be the case. To be in pain for example is to have a certain behavioural disposition. It doesn't feel like this though. I don't know that i'm in pain because I've acted a certain way- but instead, I just feel the pain and know I'm in pain from the unpleasant feeling. Behavioursim disregards this unpleasant feeling.
      - Super Spartans
      - Super Super Spartans
      - Zombies
      - Multiple realisability