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UNIT 3 - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 3
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Somebody, someone, something, somewhere
We use this in positive sentences to talk about a person: somebody and someone, or place: somewhere and thing: something when we don't mean a particular one.
Example:
.
I know someone who gives piano lessons.
Somebody has obviously made a mistake.
Can you hear something?
There was no mistaking the smell. Burning. There was a fire somewhere.
Everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere
We use this in affirmative sentences and in questions to talk about all people: everyone and everybody, thing: everything and places: everywhere
Example:
His name was Henry but everyone called him Harry.
All your clothes are clean. I washed everything yesterday.
The sand got everywhere, into eyes, hair, tents, cups of tea, camera lenses.
Everybody knows him.
Nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere
We use this an affirmative singular verb to mean no person: nobody and no one, thing: nothing or place: nowhere..
Example:
Nobody ever goes to see her. She’s very lonely.
You usually have to wait for a long time. Nothing happens quickly.
There was nowhere to park the car.
No one remembers the titles of the books they’ve read.
Anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere
We use this in negative sentence and questions.
Example:
Tell them I don’t want to see anyone.
There are anybody in this place.
With my bike and a tent I can go anywhere.
They refused to tell us anything about it
WISH/ WOULD RATHER
We use wish to say that we want things to be different from how they are or were. To talk about the present, we use wish+past tense.
Example:
I wish it wasn't snowing.
We can also use would rather to talk about wishes and preferences. When the subject and object of the wish is the same, we use would rather+infinitive without to.
Example:
She'd rather not have to buy a new bike.
When the subject and object of the wish is different , we use would rather+ past tense.
Example:
I'd rather he spoke to me in English
VOCABULARY
The environment
Carbon footprint, climate change, electric cars, endangered animals, greenhouse gases, fossils fuels, household rubbish, plastic packaging, recycling bin and solar energy
Occupations
Accountant, architect, builder, carpenter, chef, childminder, dentist, journalist, lawyer, optician, pharmacist, pilot, plumber, surgeon and vet.
Global issues
Animal rights, climate change, gender equality, homelessness, pandemic, pollution, poverty and racism.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
We use the second conditional to talk about the possible results of imaginary or unreal situations.
Examples
If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house.
You would make new friends if you joined a sports club
If + Past Simple, + Would
Would + if + Past Simple
When the if clause is first, it is followed by a comma.
When the result clause is first, there is no comma.
Example
If we used electric cars, would we save money?
You would make new friends if you go out.
We can use were instead of was in the if clause with I/ he/ she/ it. This more formal structure is sometimes called the subjunctive.
Example:
If I were you, I would run a marathon.
We can also use were in some fixed phrases-- for example, if I were you, is used to give advice.
Example:
If I were you, I'd buy an electric car.