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Biology Module 5- Heredity - Coggle Diagram
Biology Module 5- Heredity
Internal Fertilisation- Happens inside a body- two organisms
Advantages:
More likely to occur
Embryo protected from predators
Higher chance of survival for offspring
Disadvantages:
More energy required
Less offspring produced
Needs to find a mate
External Fertilisation: Happens outside the organism
Advantages:
Little energy for mating
Large amount of offspring
Can spread widely - less competition
Disadvantages:
Many unfertilised gametes
Lesser chance of survival
Sexual Reproduction- Two gametes makes an organism
Advantages:
Variation in Population
Unfavourable variation is eliminated more quickly
Populations are better able to adapt to and survive changing environmental conditions
Disadvantages:
-Time consuming/inefficient for rapid reproduction
Mates have to be found and accepted as suitable
Potential for spread of STD's throughout population
DNA Sequencing and Profiling
Mammals Reproduction
Bacteria: Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission: Parent cell divides to two daughter cells, DNA replicated and divided into two. Cell elongates and splits into 2 daughter cell
Reproduction in Plants: Sexual- Pollination through male pollen grains from stamen combine with female ovum from pistil
Asexual- well suited to environment, examples such as bulbs (onions) and runners (strawberry
Protists: Asexual Reproduction. Binary Fission: Nucleus divides into two, cell grows until divides into half for two daughter cells. Budding: New organism grows from body of parent organism to form a colony
Asexual Reproduction- 1 parent, identical offspring
Advantages:
No need for a sexual partner
As it is asexual, the offspring is well suited to the environment
Minimal use of time and energy
Disadvantages:
Lack of genetic variation
Rapid population growth can lead to overcrowding and increased competition
Agriculture Manipulation ; Using fundamental principles of reproduction to produce desired outcomes.
Selective Breeding- Choosing animals/plants to breed with specific phenotypic traits that are favoured
Artificial Insemination (Animals)- Inseminating the semen of a male w/ specific traits into a female
Artificial Pollination (Plants)- Fertilising the ovum of one plant with pollen from another planr
Genetic Engineering- Manipulate organisms due to DNA knowledge
Mitosis and Meiosis
Genetic Material Replication-
Cell Replication
Translation and Transcription
Polypeptide Synthesis
Function and Structure of a protein
Fungi: Asexual reproduction
Budding: the nucleus divides and a bulge forms on side of the cell which is split by cytokinesis. The bud detaches itself from parent cell e.g. yeait cells
Spores: unicellular reproductive cells- mitosis produces genetically identical cells which are distributed in environment by wind or vectors e.g. puffball mushroom
Combinations of Genetypes
Population Trends