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Diego Delgado P.3 Digestive and Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Diego Delgado P.3 Digestive and Urinary System
Layers of the GI Tract
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosa (Mucosa is first 3 layers)
Sub Mucosa
Muscularis Propria
Major Functions of the Digestive System
Ingestion: taking food and water into body by swallowing or absorbing it
Propulsion: moving food food along digestive tract
Mechanical Digestion: breaking down food into smaller particles
Chemical Digestion: proteins, fats and carbs are broken down into pieces that the body can use
Defecation: act of expelling feces from the digestive tract via the anus
Major Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth: located on under nose, opens and receives food/liquid
Pharynx (throat): back of mouth, begins process of food travelling throughout the body
Esophagus: long pipe from throat to stomach, travelling duct for food/liquids
Stomach: once food and liquid reach here, the stomach begins to mix digestive juices with them
Small Intestine: middle, smaller but longer intestine, helps to further digest food
Large Intestine: outer, larger intestine, begins to absorb nutrients from digested food to redistribute into the body/bloodstream
Rectum: holding area for stools/waste
Anus: site where the stool exits the body
Digestive Enzymes
Amylase: made in the mouth/pancreas, breaks down complex carbohydrates
Lipase: made in the pancreas, breaks down fats
Protease: made in the pancreas, breaks down proteins
Maltase: released by small intestine, breaks down sugars into glucose
Lactase: released through intestinal tract, breaks down lactose into simple sugars
Pepsin: secreted by stomach and breaks down proteins into peptides
Nephron Anatomy and Physiology
Nephron is the basic structural unit of kidneys
Nephrons regulate water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood
It then reabsorbs what is needed, and excretes the rest as urine
Function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity
Location of Digestion and Absorption of Each Macromolecule
Proteins: stomach and small intestine
Nucleic Acids: small intestine
Carbohydrates: Oral cavity and small intestine
Lipids: oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
Major Functions of the Urinary System
Remove waste products and medicines from the body
Balance the body's fluids
Balance a variety of electrolytes
Release hormones to control blood pressure
Release a hormone to control red blood cell production
Help with bone health by controlling calcium and phosphorus
Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys: bean shaped, reddish brown organs, detect and remove wastes and extra fluids from the body.
Ureters: two tubes extending from the kidneys that lead urine to the urinary bladder
Bladder: storing place of urine
Urethra: empties urine from the bladder
Disorders of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
Cholecystits: an inflammation of gallbladder
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: inflammation in digestive tract
Peptic Ulcers: sores that develop in lining of stomach
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): chronic disease that occurs when esophageal sphincter relaxes allowing contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus
Bladder Cancer: body cells of bladder growing out of control
Urinary Tract Infection: abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
Kidney Stones: stones forming in kidney that pass through ureter and urethra