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D.B. COPD Concept Map, Medications - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Atrovent neb 0.5mg BID for COPD
        
        Diazepam 1mg PO q8h for anxiety
        
        COPD
        
        patho
        
        inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchial wall, hypertrophy of the submucosal glands, and hyper secretion of mucus, and loss of elastic lung fibers and alveolar tissue (Norris et al., 2020, pg. 820)
        
        these contribute to obstruction of airflow and cause mismatching of ventilation and perfusion (Norris et al., 2020, pg. 820)
        
        patient education
        
        the most common cause of COPD is smoking. smoking cessation is crucial in lung and overall health. (Norris et al., 2020, p. 820)
        
        there is hope that early recognition, combined with appropriate treatment and smoking cessation, may prevent or delay the usually relentless progression of the disease (Norris et al., 2020, p. 820)
        
        risk factors
        
        smoking, asthma, air pollution, occupational exposure, genetics (Norris et al., 2020, p.820)
        
        health promotion
        
        physical conditioning with appropriate training will increase maximal oxygen consumption and reduces ventilatory effort and heart rate for given workload (Norris et al., 2020, pg. 824)
        
        respiratory tract infections can be life-threatening for someone with severe COPD. reduce exposures if at all possible.
        
        oxygen therapy is not always needed with COPD, but if added to a patient's therapy it can decrease dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension, as well as activity tolerance (Norris et al., 2020, pg. 824)