Natalie Valdivia
Period: 3
Digestive & Urinary System
Major organs of the urinary systems
Major functions of the urinary system
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Major organs of the digestive system
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Major functions of the digestive system
Regulates pH and body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Filters salts and wastes from the blood
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Kidneys
Urethra
filter the blood
transports urine from kidneys to bladder
stores urine
conveys urine to the outside of the body
Mouth
Stomach
Gallbladder
Liver
Large Intestine
Salivary gland
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Esophagus
Breaks down food into nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Food particle can also go into the blood
carries out the process of digestion
Mechanical digestion: breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones
Chemical digestion : breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds
alimentary canal is the tract that help with the disgestion
Digestion:mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
recieves food and begins mechanic digestion through mastication
moistens and dissolves food particles , binds then together, helps cleanse the mouth and teeth, and begins crbohydrate digestion
muscular tube leading from the pharynx to stomach
Extends downward through an opening in the diaphragm
Lower esophageal (cardiac, cardioesophageal) sphincter helps to prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents into the
esophagus
Receives food from esophagus
Mixes food with digestive juices
Begins digestion of proteins
Limited absorption of nutrients occurs in stomach
produce pancreatic juice that aids digestion
Responsible for many metabolic activities, such as the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Stores glycogen, vitamins A, D, and B12, and iron
Filter the blood
long tubular organ that runs from the
stomach to the beginning of the large intestine
Receives chyme from stomach
Receives pancreatic juice from pancreas and bile from liver and
gallbladder
Finishes digestion of nutrients that arrive in the chyme
diameter is larger
than that of the small intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes, and forms and stores feces
the large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Stores bile between meals and reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile
Pancreatic lipase
**Proteolytic enzymes
(a) Trypsin
(b) Chymotrypsin
(c) Carboxypeptidase
Pancreatic amylase
Nucleases
Pepsin
Peptidase
Salivary amylase
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
Intestinal lipase
Enterokinase
Begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking
down starch to disaccharides
Begins protein digestion
Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Pancreas Break down proteins or partially digested
proteins into peptides
Break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Breaks down peptides into amino acids
Break down disaccharides into
monosaccharides
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Converts trypsinogen into trypsin
submucosa
muscularis propria
mucosa
serosa
structure
Functional unit of kidney; can produce urine independently
About one million nephrons per kidney
Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop (descending limb)
nephron loop (ascending limb)
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelivs
ureter
urinnary bladder
urethra
Renal tubule consists of the following parts, in this order:
Nephron loop (descending and ascending limbs)
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Glomerular capsule
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
Lipids
Cholecystitis
description
it is an inflammation of the gallbladder
causes or risk factors
-blockage of the gall duct by gallstones
-digestive tumors
-galllstones
symptoms
-tender abdomen
-vomiting
-fever
Treatment options
-medication
-fasting
-cholecystectomy
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
description
occurs when the esophagal sphincter relaxes
causes or risk factors
-frequent acid reflux
-weakened esophageal sphincter
-smoking
symptoms
-chest pain
-difficulty swallowing
-acid reflux
treatment options
-over the counter medication
-surgery
-perscribed medication
Inflammatory Bowel Diease (IBD)
it is a chronic complex intestinal condition
Peptic Ulcer
sore that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
Colon disease
Diverticultis
pouches form on the wall of the colon
Hemorrhoid
inflamed veins in the rectum and anus
Bladder cancer
body cells grow out of control
Unrinary Tract Infection (UTI)
it is the abdominal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract combined with symptoms
Kidney stones
urine contains many dissolved minerals and salt. when the urine has high levels of minerals and salts, hard stones can form