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Moles, Chemistry - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Trends of Group 1
        
        Reactivity increases
        
        Density increases
        
        MP decrease
  - - - Trends
        
        good conductors of heat and electricity
        
        High density
        
        Acts as catalysts
  - - - Astatine
      - Iodine
      - Flourine :warning:
      - Bromine :warning:
      - Chlorine :warning:
      - Trends
        
        Density increases
        
        Going down the group reactivity decreases
        
        MP and BP increases
        
        All of them are toxic
- - - - Grease
      - Plastic
      - Paint
      - Coasting with zinc is galvanising
      - Sacrificial protection
        
        When a metal sacrifices another is called sacrificial protection. The metal should be more reactive
- - - - C(n)H(2n+2)
      - Saturated comopunds
      - C-H functional group
      - Cracking reaction
        
        Alkenes
        
        C(n)H(2n)
        
        Unsaturated compounds
        
        :heavy_plus_sign: reaction
        
        2 reactants enter, 1 product released
        
        C2H4 + Cl2 -> C2H4Cl2
        
        Addition reaction with steam
        
        Alcohols
        
        Saturated compounds
        
        Functional group OH
        
        C(n)H(2n+1)OH
        
        C=C functinoal group
        
        Long :chains: of alkane :explode: into shorter chains + alkene
      - Substitution reaction
        
        C2H6 + Cl2 -> C2H5Cl + HCl
  - - - Addition polymerisation
        
        long :chains: made up of alkene monomers
      - Condensation poleymerisation
        
        Linkage groups
        
        Ester linkage
        
        :wrench: from COOH + OH
        
        C=O O
        
        Amide linkage
        
        :wrench: from NH2 + COOH
        
        CONH
        
        Repeating chains of 2 monomers each with a linkage group linking them together
- - - - :fire: test
        
        Na+ -> Yellow
        
        K+ -> Lilac
        
        Li+ -> Red
        
        Ca(2+) -> Orange-red
        
        Ba(2+) -> Green
        
        Cu(2+) -> Blue-green
      - Ion tests
        
        Zn(2+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        White precipitate + DISSOLVES in excess NH4OH
        
        Al(3+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        White precipitate + NOT DISSOLVES in excess NH4OH
        
        Fe(3+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        Red-brown precipitate forms
        
        Ca(2+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        White precipitate + NO EFFECT when excess NAOH added
        
        Fe(2+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        A pale-green precipitate forms
        
        Cu(2+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        Pale blue precipitate forms
        
        NH4
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq) + :fire:
        
        NH3 gas released
        
        Cr(3+)
        
        Add dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        Green precipitate forms
    - - Ions
        
        SO3(2-)
        
        React with BaNO3
        
        White precipitate
        
        Halogens
        
        React with AgNO3
        
        Yellow precipitate = I-
        
        White precipitate = Cl-
        
        Cream precipitate = Br-
        
        Sulfite ions
        
        Add to acidified KMNO4
        
        Solution turns colourless
        
        NO3(-)
        
        Add small dilute NAOH(aq)
        
        NH3 gas released
        
        Add aluminium foil
        
        CO3(2-)
        
        Add HCl
        
        Releases CO2
      - Gases
        
        NH3
        
        Hold damp red litmus
        
        Litmus paper turns blue
        
        CO2
        
        Bubble the gas through Ca(OH)2(aq)
        
        Limewater turns milky
        
        Cl2
        
        Hold damp litmus paper
        
        Litmus paper turns white
        
        O2
        
        Collect gas in test tube + hold glowing splint
        
        Splint lights in fire
        
        SO2
        
        Hold damp KMnO4 paper
        
        Turns white