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9 ~ Metals - Coggle Diagram

- - - - aluminium is formed: Al3+ (l)+ 3e- ~> Al(l)
    - - oxygen is formed: 2O2-(l)~>O2(g)+4e-
- - - - coated in aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
    - - all release Hydrogen when they react with with dilute hydrochloric acid
        Zinc(s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq) ~> Zinc chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g)
    - - separated from their ores by heating with oxides with carbon releasing carbon dioxide as well: DISPLACEMENT REACTION
    - - obtained using electrolysis
    - - iron can be prevented from rusting by zinc coating as it reacts more readily so is galvanised iron this provides sacrificial protection.
      - Iron is extracted by blast furnace
        
        Iron ore : Hematite
        
        Impurities: Slag
        
        Put into top:
        
        Coke (source of carbon for the reduction)
        
        reacts with oxygen from the air: C(s) + O2 (g) ~> CO2(g)
        
        reacts with more coke form carbon monoxide: CO2(g) + C(s) ~> 2CO(g)
        
        limestones (remove impurities)
        
        broken down by heat to calcium oxide: CaCO3(s) ~> CaO(s)+CO2(g)
        
        calcium oxides reacts with impurities to form slag: CaO(s)+SiO2(s)~>CaSiO3(l)
        
        Iron ore (iron(111)oxide)
        
        iron oxide is reduced to iron: Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) ~> 2Fe(l) + 3CO2 (g)
    - - forms ions more readily so can displace an element lower down reactivity series. The more reactive element is the reduction agent while the lower down one which is being replaced is oxidising agent. This is a REDOX REACTION
    - - do not react to form hydrogen with water or dilute acids
      - Found as pure elements