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02 THE COURSE OF THE WAR, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
02 THE COURSE OF THE WAR
02 THE COURSE OF THE WAR
1 CASUS BELLI AND CHAIN REACTION
Assassination of the crown prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
On 28 June 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian separatist
Austria-Hungary threatened to annex Serbia, while Russia stood up in defence of Serbia
Germany attacked France and Great Britain decided to come to its defence
The Great War
FIRST PHASE (1914)
Germans and Austro-Hungarians repelled early Russian advances on the Eastern Front.
war of movement
Germany launched a rapid attack against France through Belgium
powers were still confident of a quick victory guaranteed
by the readiness of their armies and the modernity of new weapons
these factors soon vanished as the war fronts stabilised
SECOND PHASE (1915–1916)
trench warfare or war of position
armies were unable to advance
Terrible losses of human life on both the Franco-British and German sides
THE BATTLE OF VERDUN (1916)
21 February 1916
bloodiest battles of the Great War
10 months
First Battle of the Somme (1916)
unsuccessful attempt to break the German front
THIRD PHASE (1917–1918)
Revolution in Russia
Ended the war for the russians
country was out of the war
signing a peace treaty in terms that led to its surrender in 1918
intervention of the United States
decisive factor that shifted in its favour
Emperor William II abdicated
Weimar Republic
was proclaimed
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
president of the United States
led to the end of hostilities in November 1918
the main points
Diplomacy will proceed publicly
Absolute freedom of the navigation
Impartial adjustment of all colonial claims
The peoples of Austria-Hungary must be given the chance to develop autonomously
A
general association of nations
should be formed
to guarantee political and territorial independence to small and large states
