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03 THE END OF THE WAR, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
03 THE END OF THE WAR
1 CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
political consequences
German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman empires disappeared
United States emerged as a great world power
League of Nations
international organisation
created to keep the peace
many territorial consequences
disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Finland, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania declared independence
disappearance of the Russian Empire
Turkey and the beginnings of the future Saudi Arabia were created
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
Poland resurfaced by adding territories from the German and Russian empires
Denmark regained territories won by Prussia during the reunification of Germany
Greece and Romania expanded
German colonies in Africa and the Pacific were divided
economic losses
Belgium, Serbia, Russia and France were the countries that suffered the most
Germany
had to pay a high price in war compensation to other countries
Great Britain
became the most indebted country due to the costs of the war,
United States
became the largest creditor of European debt.
female labour force
replaced men in the factories during the war
opened the doors for the incorporation of women into the world of work
many women kept their jobs
different countries began to grant women the right to vote
human losses
ten million soldiers killed
there were seven million civilian deaths
higher number of people wounded, maimed or missing
Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and French empires, along with the British Empire, were affected the most
2 PEACE TREATIES
five treaties signed separately by the defeated powers
Treaties of Paris (1919–1920)
All of them were signed in palaces on the outskirts of Paris
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
was signed with Germany
economic, military and territorial agreements
their harsh conditions were viewed by the German people as a humiliation
League of Nations
to establish international relations in which peace was the fundamental principle
the end of the war did not mean the end of the difficulties
conflicts
Polish-Soviet war
Greek-Turkish wars
TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
the payment of high financial compensation to the winners
Saar mining region had to send all its coal production to France
the creation of a demilitarised zone
in the German territory bordering France
limiting the German army to 100,000 men
Exclusion from the League of Nations
The prohibition of any attempt at union between Germany and Austria
