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Descartes, Locke, Kant, Hume, Leibniz, Berkeley - Coggle Diagram

- - - - I make errors because I misuse my will
- - - - Memory is what distinguishes awake and dreaming
- - - - Retention
      - Discerning
      - Thinking
  - - - Come through multiple sense
      - Come only through reflection
      - Come from specific sense modelity
      - Come through all
    - - Modes
      - Substances
      - Relations
- - - - Relationship
        
        Knowledge of relations not easy to say how far
      - Identity
        
        Knowledge of identity extends as far as our ideas
      - Existence
        
        We only have certain knowledge of 3 real existence
        
        Demonstrative knowledge of God's existence (something cannot come from nothing)
        
        Sensitive knowledge of anything else
        
        Intuitive knowledge of our own existence
      - Co-existence
        
        Knowledge of co-existence extends very short
    - - Demonstrative: need intervention of other ideas to perceive. As certain, but not so clear as intuitive knowledge
      - Sensation
      - Intuitive: clearest and the most certain knowledge
- - - - Geometry is the a priori synthetic knowledge of necessary truth of space
  - - - Experience
        
        The totality of all possible experience is not experience
        
        Nature science can be confirmed by experience
  - - - Arithmetic is the a priori synthetic knowledge of necessary truth of time
- - - - Idea of the complete subject (substantial)
        
        Psychological
        
        whether experience is carried with distinguishes imagination from reality
      - Idea of the complete series of conditions
        
        Cosmological
      - Determination of all concepts in the idea of a complete complex
        
        Theological
- - - - The world of experience is deterministic (physical laws), but it is the soul that determines if one is free or not
  - - - Exam the concepts. Taking apart
    - - A priori or from empirical origins. Putting together
        
        Judgements of experience
        
        Mathematical Judgements
        
        Metaphysical Judgements
- - - - Attribute to appearance
- - - - No, there could be succession or conjunction, but not causation
    - - No, when we are sleep, our minds cannot direct our bodies even if we want to
    - - No, we cannot immediately aware of the power of the mind
    - - We connect things together in our imaginations
  - - - A causes B, B follows A, whose appearance always connects the thought to that others
    - - A causes B, B follows A, and objects similar to A followed by objects similar to B
    - - A causes B, B follows A, if A has not occurred, B would not have
  - - - All cause/effect reasoning is based on habits and customs, rooted in experience of regularity
- - - - Difference between fiction and belief
        
        Belief
        
        There is sentiment or feeling annexes to it
        
        Fiction
      - Relations associate with ideas
        
        Causing Effect (most important)
        
        Resemblance
        
        Continuity
      - Every idea is copied from a similar impression
        
        All ideas are naturally faint and obscure
        
        It is impossible to think of anything we have not felt before
  - - - All impressions are strong and vivid
- - - - Founded on the relation of "cause and effect"
        
        All beliefs of matter of fact is derived from the memory or senses, that there is a customary conjunction between this object and some other object
    - - Founded on experience
  - - - That evidence does not exceeds
    - - That has evidence
        
        Men are affected by their beliefs
    - - A violation of the laws of nature
        
        Never established on concrete evidence
- - - - Human experience cannot prove God exists
    - - Our knowledge is inferred from the nature, we cannot use those knowledge to return back from the cause and draw new inferences
- - - - Incurable, once you know, you would not have assurance for anything
    - - Only sufficient to prove that senses alone cannot be depend on
- - - - Final cause
        
        The purpose of the cause
      - Efficient cause
        
        Mechanical, physics
- - - - Miracles: though miracles are extraordinary, it is not out of order
  - - - What we believe to be bad might not be seen as bad by God
      - Everything is for the Greater Good
    - - God chooses people for greater good based on their concepts
- - - - The concept that only this individual has. Every truth about the individual subject can be derived and extracted by pure thoughts
    - - A general concept of certain groups
- - - - Spirit
        
        The only monad that acquires will, memory, and apperception (self consciousness)
        
        Knowledge and truth distinguishes us from animals
      - Chief monad
        
        connects the mind to the body
      - Substance
        
        They do not affect each other
        
        All space is filled up (no vacuum)
      - Soul
        
        Body belongs to soul, together, they constitute living beings (animals)
- - - - Each person is responsible for his actions
      - It will result in creating the best world
- - - - Intuitive knowledge: mind understands at once, true, very rare.
  - - - Just Real
      - Real and causal
      - Perfect and essential
- - - - Are just the combination of many sensible qualities. They cannot exist without being perceived by minds
        
        Primary qualities, like extension, figure, solidity and motion cannot exist without the mind because those qualities could be perceived differently (a chair looks big when you are close but small when you are far away). If the qualities are really in the substance, they should be perceived identically
        
        Secondary qualities, like color, sound, and taste cannot exist without the mind
    - - From frequently perceived connections. They are the result our of former immediate perceptions
  - - - It cannot exist outside of mind because once you conceive a matter, it is already in your mind
        
        There is no matter
    - - Things start to exist when God makes them perceptible
- - - - Those are real things and they are vivid and clear
    - - Faint and indistinct
- - - - God's ideas are not conveyed to him by senses