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Waves, Combining Waves, waves must be coherent - - Coggle Diagram
Waves
phase difference
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y = Asin(2πft)
y = vertical displacement of particles in a wave, A = amplitude, t = ?
Φ = (2πt)/T OR Φ = (2πx)/λ
Φ = phase difference
types of waves
mechanical waves
- require a medium
- can be transverse or longitudinal
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electromagnetic waves
- travel through the EM field - felt everywhere ∴ no medium required
- only transverse
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optical fibres
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more effective than using electrical wires as the speed of light is quicker and lack of resistance in optical fibres prevents information from being lost
modal dispersion - the spreading of a signal caused by light rays taking slightly different paths (of varying lengths)
- high order mode = longer path
- low order mode = shorter path
- axial mode = shortest path
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material dispersion - the spreading of a signal caused by the variation of refractive index with wavelength
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polarisation
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polarising filters
- long chain molecules aligned in the same direction
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