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Concept Map: 12 Digestive & Urinary Sys Luna Ruiz P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Concept Map: 12 Digestive & Urinary Sys
Luna Ruiz P.3
Major functions of the digestive system
Ingestion: the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.
Mechanical digestion: physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to undergo chemical digestion.
Propulsion:the movement of food through the digestive tract
chemical digestion: a process where complex molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are broken down into smaller pieces that your body can use. It requires special proteins called enzymes. Movements. There are many movements that keep food going through your digestive system.
Absorption: the simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries
Defecation: Movement of feces (undigested food, bacteria, mucus, and cells from the lining of the intestines) through the bowel and out the anus. Also called bowel movement.
Major functions of the urinary system
The purpose of the renal / urinary system is to eliminate wastes from the body
regulate blood volume and pressure
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
regulate blood pH
Major organs of the digestive system
mouth
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Major organs of the urinary systems
Kidneys
Renal Pelvis
Ureters
bladder
Urethra
Digestive enzymes
Lipases: Lipases split fatty acids into fats and oils.
Lactase: it breaks down lactose, a sugar which gives milk its sweetness
Pepsin:secreted by the stomach to break down proteins into peptides, or smaller groupings of amino acids
LIngual Lipase: Lingual lipase starts the digestion of the lipids/fats.
Gastric Lipase: enzyme that facilitates the degradation or breakdown of butterfat and lowers the risk of fat deposition.
Trypsinogen:break down proteins into their building blocks (called amino acids
Amylase: Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion
Maltase :responsible for breaking down maltose (malt sugar) into glucose (simple sugar)
Surcase:secreted by the small intestine, where it breaks down sucrose (the sugar in table sugar) into fructose and glucose.
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Macromolecule Region in Alimentary System Digested
Proteins Stomach and small intestine
Nucleic acids Small intestine
Carbohydrates Oral cavity and small intestine
Lipids Oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach
mucosa,
submucosa
muscularis mucosa
serosa
Nephron
A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys that regulates water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine. Its function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarit
Disorders of the digestive and urinary system
appendicitis
appendicitis, inflammation of the appendix,
Bartter syndrome
Bartter syndrome, any of several rare disorders affecting the kidneys and characterized primarily by the excessive excretion of potassium in the urine.
bladder cancer
bladder cancer, disease characterized by the growth of malignant cells within the urinary bladder
gallbladder cancer
gallbladder cancer, disease characterized by the growth of malignant cells in the gallbladder.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), relatively common digestive disorder characterized by frequent passage of gastric contents from the stomach back into the esophagus