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DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY, why we need it, smart meters: to give more…
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY
CONSIST OF
power lined and pylons to carry the electricity safely
substations and step-down transformers to reduce voltage to safe levels for consumers
step-up transformers to boost voltage for long distance transmission
STORING ENERGY
gravity
pumped storage: storing water in upper resevoir
using regenerative braking on heavy trains rolling doennhill
thermal storage
storing energy in the form of heat in tanks of molten salt
storing cold water to use for airvconditioning
batteries
using flow batteries with large tanks of electrically charged liquids
exploiting the batteries in electric vehicles at off-peak times
improving solid-state batteries
kinetic energy
storing energy in a flywheel spinning in vacuum-sealed container
storing energy in the form of compressed air
MABAGING THE POWER SUPPLY
problem
demand fluctuates accprding to time of day, season...
unpredicyable events such as storms, accidents pr breakdowns can cause blackouts
nees to constantly balance energy supply with demand
solutions
sophisticated computer system to balance supply and demand
standby power systems ready to boost supply at peak periods
careful forecasting of future needs
creating networks and sharing energy with neighbouring grids
SMART GRID
consist of
new stirage systems: to expand grid capacity
adviced control system: to allow more effective grid managment
why we need it
to improve rliability: we are more dependent on computer system
to provide flexibility and incorporate renewable energy sources
to increase efficiency, provide more energy and also save energy
smart meters: to give more information rapidly and accurately
new transmission lines: to carry energy more efficiently and access renewable energy sources
internet access. to give consumers more control