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Realism & anti-realism - Coggle Diagram
Realism & anti-realism
Primary & secondary properties
realism --> depends on how we perceive object (distinguish between appearances & reality)
apple: appears - red, round, sweet, solid / reality - malus domestica
suppose that some ways objects appear correspond to its reality -- but can the way an object really is correspond to its apperance
appearance & reality - perceptual reality
some properties more connected to appearance -->
exhibt perceptual realitivity
how something appears depends on the features of those percieving it
therefore - no object perceiver-independant fact of matter
arg from perceptual reality
2) 2 observers differ in how object appears
3) therefore no fact as which appearance corresponds to obserer-independant reality
4) therefore no fact as to whether object is objectivily observer-independant in ceertain way
1) whether an object appears a certain way
conc: -- object has the properties but they are observer-dependant, subjective
successful -- 2-3 important - maybe to quick - cirt = all just as good as interpreting objefcts - could say that 1 of them is wrong in theier pereption, 1 is better
how arg is persuasive - most persusive to the most perceptual' proerties - closly connected to appearance. compared to those not as tied to appearances it seems less persuasive
secondary proerties
= colurs, taste, smells, sounds
primary properties
= shape, mass, etc
realism vs idealism - locke on pri properties = realism according to:
these properties adhere to external, mind-independant objects - indepndant of us
(thesis of metaphysical modesty)
these properties correspond to how tey appear, the idea of them
(thesis of epistemic immodesty)
cartesian scepticism - qing entllement to episemtic theis - how sceptic doesnt Q metaphysical one - scpeticsm accepts realism metaphysical tesis)
if deny metaphysical thesis & accept epistemic get
subjectve idealism
subjective idealism (Berkley)
no objects or properties are mind-independant all are somehow mental/phychological/matter of appearance (metaphysical immodesty)
properites correspond to how they appear - resmble conception or ideas of them (epidemic modety)
args of subjective idealism
1)
ideas of Solidity etc
--> how do we get idea of soldity - Locke says feel it - BUT if taste/visual appearences of object doent corresond to mind-indepednat properties they think the sold feel of object does
2)
the conception challenge
--> locke supposes mind-independant objects only bear pripoerties - BUT can you conceive object with no secondary propertieds - can imagine apple without taste, colour, se=mell, etc - but at terminous of this process are yo ustill conceing of anything
primary properties are various - paradigm one seems soldity (aka matter)
can you concieve of an unpercieved object or object with no point of view
probs with subjective idealism