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Volcanic Hazards - Coggle Diagram
Volcanic Hazards
Volcanic hazards come in many forms, these include
Pyroclastic flows, these are a mixture of superheated gas, ash and volcanic rock which flows down the side of a volcano, it travels at high speed and flows a long way. Because they are quick and have relatively little warning, they cause death
Lava flows, these flow down the side of a volcano, the speed and distance depend on the viscosity of the lava, low viscosity lava runs quicker and may travel tens of kilometres. Most flows are slow so people have time to evacuate however lava destroys everything in its patch inc vegetation and houses
Volcanic gases, lava contains gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide which are released into the atmosphere when a volcano erupts, these can be harmful to humans and animals if breathed in
pyroclastic and ash fallout, this is material that has been ejected by the volcano and falls down to the ground, when it mostly consists of ash its called ash fallout
fallout consists of material that is a range of sizes, smaller particles can be carried further, large pieces of tephra can damage buildings and kill or injure people whereas smaller material can layer up and damage vegetation
Mudflows (Tephra), this occurs when volcanic material mixes with melting ice at high altitudes, flows move quickly depending on the slope relief, they can bury and destroy infrastructure
Acid rain can occur when the volcanic gases react with water vapour in the atmosphere e.g. sulfur dioxide can react with water vapour to form sulfuric acid
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