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Disease Storyline - Coggle Diagram
Disease Storyline
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P53
P53 is activated when a cell is stress, low in oxygen, has DNA damage, or is exposed to chemotherapy.
→ p53 activates (or TURNS ON) other genes for expression - this mean that p53 causes other proteins to be made
These proteins can be repair proteins (to fix DNA damage) or proteins that induce apoptosis (cell death)
IF MUTATED, p53 cannot cause the creation of proteins to fix DNA or induce apoptosis
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Cell cycle and mitosis
Body cells divide for growth of an organism or repair of damaged tissue. This creates two genetically identical to the original cell.
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Mitosis “nuclear division” = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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The process of healing
When you cut your skin, a signal is sent out for clotting factors to be released to stop the bleeding.
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As new cells grow they will come in contact with nearby cells, which allows for the cells to stop dividing.
In tumors (or cancer cells), contact inhibition does not function. Cancer cells keep growing and eventually pile up on each other.
Meiosis is a special type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that produces gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm).
It involves two rounds of division that reduces the number of chromosomes in half, resulting in four genetically different cells having only one copy of each chromosome.
Human sex cell begins a diploid - 2n = 46 chromosomes and splits off to two n=23 cells in meiosis 1 and then four n=23 in meiosis 2
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Same: Produces new cells, similar basic steps, starts with a single cell parent cell
Different Mitosis: Creates all body cells, produces 2 diploid daughter cells which are genetically identical. There are 4 stages in total, and genetic variation does not change. Purpose is for healing and growth and is asexual production. Include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. No crossing over
Different Meiosis: There are 8 stages in total, which produces 4 haploid daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. Genetic variation is increased as well. Purpose is for sex cells and sexual production. Divides twice with one set of chromosomes. Each daughter cell is genetically unique and has the same phases as mitosis but doubled. Crossing over occurs in prophase