Benjamin Wang
Period 2
Digestive & Urinary System

Major functions of the digestive system

Digestive Enzymes

Layers of the GI tract

Nephron anatomy and physiology

Major organs of the digestive system

Major organs of the urinary systems

Major functions of the urinary system

Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule

Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems

Digests food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Absorbs the nutrients from the digested food. Takes out digested food out the body

Filters salts and wastes from the blood, maintains the concentration of electrolytes and water, regulation of pH and body fluid capacity, RBC production and BP

Proteolytic enzymes (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase)

Nucleases

Pancreatic lipase

Peptidase

Pancreatic amylase

Sucrase, maltase, lactase

Pepsin

Intestinal lipase

Salivary amylase

Enterokinase

carbohydrate digestion

protein digestion

breaks down starch into disaccharides

breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

breaks down proteins or partially digested
proteins into peptides

break down nucleic acids into nucleotides

breaks down peptides into amino acids

breaks down disaccharides into
monosaccharides

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Converts trypsinogen into trypsin

Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Stomach and small intestine

Small intestine

Mouth and small intestine

Mouth, stomach, and small intestine

Submucosa: Loose CT, houses blood and lymphatic vessels

Muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular later and outer longitudinal layer) propels food through the canal

Mucosa: Inner layer, made up of ET CT and smooth muscle. Protects the tissues of the canal, secretes and absorbs nutreients

Serosa: Outer layer, protects tissues under and secretes serous fluid for less friction between organs.

Digestive

Urinary

Renal corpuscle: Performs the first step of urine formation. Consists of cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus, and a glomerular capsule

Renal tubule: Consists of the Glomerular capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Ureters: Transports the urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Urinary bladder: Storage of urine

Kidneys: Filters the blood, forms urine

Urethra: Takes the urine out the body

Liver: Produces bile

Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile

Esophagus: Pushes food to stomach

Stomach: Secretes acid and enzymes

Pharynx: Connects mouth to esophagus

Large intestine: Absorbs water and electrolytes

Small intestine: Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juices

Salivary Glands: Secretes saliva

Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic juice

Mouth: Mechanical digestion (chewing)

Anus: Exit hole of feces

Rectum: Regulates elimination of feces

GERD: Chronic condition where stomach acid is flowing back into the esophagus

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract

Cholecystitis: Inflammation in the gallbladder

Peptic Ulcers: Develop in lining of stomach/ duodenum

Hemorrhoids: Inflamed veins in the rectum/anus

Colorectal Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon :

Bladder Cancer: Body cells that grew out of control

UTI: Abnormal growth of bacteria along urinal tract

Kidney Stones: Urine that contains minerals and salts that form crystals