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Benjamin Wang Period 2 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Benjamin Wang
Period 2
Digestive & Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
Digests food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Absorbs the nutrients from the digested food. Takes out digested food out the body
Digestive Enzymes
Proteolytic enzymes (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase)
breaks down proteins or partially digested
proteins into peptides
Nucleases
break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Pancreatic lipase
breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Peptidase
breaks down peptides into amino acids
Pancreatic amylase
breaks down starch into disaccharides
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
breaks down disaccharides into
monosaccharides
Pepsin
protein digestion
Intestinal lipase
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Salivary amylase
carbohydrate digestion
Enterokinase
Converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Layers of the GI tract
Submucosa: Loose CT, houses blood and lymphatic vessels
Muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular later and outer longitudinal layer) propels food through the canal
Mucosa: Inner layer, made up of ET CT and smooth muscle. Protects the tissues of the canal, secretes and absorbs nutreients
Serosa: Outer layer, protects tissues under and secretes serous fluid for less friction between organs.
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Renal corpuscle: Performs the first step of urine formation. Consists of cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus, and a glomerular capsule
Renal tubule: Consists of the Glomerular capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Major organs of the digestive system
Liver: Produces bile
Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile
Esophagus: Pushes food to stomach
Stomach: Secretes acid and enzymes
Pharynx: Connects mouth to esophagus
Large intestine: Absorbs water and electrolytes
Small intestine: Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juices
Salivary Glands: Secretes saliva
Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic juice
Mouth: Mechanical digestion (chewing)
Anus: Exit hole of feces
Rectum: Regulates elimination of feces
Major organs of the urinary systems
Ureters: Transports the urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urinary bladder: Storage of urine
Kidneys: Filters the blood, forms urine
Urethra: Takes the urine out the body
Major functions of the urinary system
Filters salts and wastes from the blood, maintains the concentration of electrolytes and water, regulation of pH and body fluid capacity, RBC production and BP
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Nucleic acids
Small intestine
Carbohydrates
Mouth and small intestine
Proteins
Stomach and small intestine
Lipids
Mouth, stomach, and small intestine
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Digestive
GERD: Chronic condition where stomach acid is flowing back into the esophagus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract
Cholecystitis: Inflammation in the gallbladder
Peptic Ulcers: Develop in lining of stomach/ duodenum
Hemorrhoids: Inflamed veins in the rectum/anus
Colorectal Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon :
Urinary
Bladder Cancer: Body cells that grew out of control
UTI: Abnormal growth of bacteria along urinal tract
Kidney Stones: Urine that contains minerals and salts that form crystals