Benjamin Wang
Period 2
Digestive & Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestive Enzymes
Layers of the GI tract
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Major organs of the digestive system
Major organs of the urinary systems
Major functions of the urinary system
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Digests food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Absorbs the nutrients from the digested food. Takes out digested food out the body
Filters salts and wastes from the blood, maintains the concentration of electrolytes and water, regulation of pH and body fluid capacity, RBC production and BP
Proteolytic enzymes (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase)
Nucleases
Pancreatic lipase
Peptidase
Pancreatic amylase
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
Pepsin
Intestinal lipase
Salivary amylase
Enterokinase
carbohydrate digestion
protein digestion
breaks down starch into disaccharides
breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
breaks down proteins or partially digested
proteins into peptides
break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
breaks down peptides into amino acids
breaks down disaccharides into
monosaccharides
Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Stomach and small intestine
Small intestine
Mouth and small intestine
Mouth, stomach, and small intestine
Submucosa: Loose CT, houses blood and lymphatic vessels
Muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular later and outer longitudinal layer) propels food through the canal
Mucosa: Inner layer, made up of ET CT and smooth muscle. Protects the tissues of the canal, secretes and absorbs nutreients
Serosa: Outer layer, protects tissues under and secretes serous fluid for less friction between organs.
Digestive
Urinary
Renal corpuscle: Performs the first step of urine formation. Consists of cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus, and a glomerular capsule
Renal tubule: Consists of the Glomerular capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Ureters: Transports the urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Urinary bladder: Storage of urine
Kidneys: Filters the blood, forms urine
Urethra: Takes the urine out the body
Liver: Produces bile
Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile
Esophagus: Pushes food to stomach
Stomach: Secretes acid and enzymes
Pharynx: Connects mouth to esophagus
Large intestine: Absorbs water and electrolytes
Small intestine: Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juices
Salivary Glands: Secretes saliva
Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic juice
Mouth: Mechanical digestion (chewing)
Anus: Exit hole of feces
Rectum: Regulates elimination of feces
GERD: Chronic condition where stomach acid is flowing back into the esophagus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract
Cholecystitis: Inflammation in the gallbladder
Peptic Ulcers: Develop in lining of stomach/ duodenum
Hemorrhoids: Inflamed veins in the rectum/anus
Colorectal Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth in the colon :
Bladder Cancer: Body cells that grew out of control
UTI: Abnormal growth of bacteria along urinal tract
Kidney Stones: Urine that contains minerals and salts that form crystals