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Rebuttals - Coggle Diagram

- - - - FACIAL RECOGNITION CAMERAS, There is high error rate up to 50% when wearing masks
        James Clayton, BBC News, 3-25-2021
  - - - CYBER ATTACKS
        
        Symanovich 19 said When cybercriminals access biometric data — fingerprints, retina, facial, or voice — they gain information which can be linked to your identity forever. “A cybercriminal might try to use your biometric data at a building where you legitimately use it to gain entry — say, with your fingerprint.”
        
        Data breach of biometric data such as fingerprints information is not uncommon. As reported in Reuters, in September 2015, 5.6 million fingerprints were stolen in the US. personnel data hack (link:https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cybersecurity-fingerprints-idUSKCN0RN1V820150923)
      - Cheap and easy to Fool biometric systems
        
        Dimitriou 22 “A team at Kraken Security Labs memorably demonstrated this for under $5 – using only Photoshop, acetate paper, a laser printer, and wood glue to create a synthetic fingerprint based on a photo of an individual’s actual fingerprint.”
      - MASS LEAKS
        
        Researchers have previously used biometrics data to make 3D masks and looped videos, which can fool facial recognition systems. Slate 19 said a million fingerprints and facial recognition were leaked. They said “biometrics data that the U.K. Metropolitan police, banks, defense contractors, gyms, and medical supply stores use to allow employees and customers to access buildings.”
      - Norton No Publication, 8-18-2019 A breach of a biometric database recently exposed 28 million records, including fingerprints of more than 1 million people.
        
        Biometric information is part of your identity. Unlike a password, it can’t be changed. When cybercriminals access biometric data — fingerprints, retina, facial, or voice — they gain information which can be linked to your identity forever.
        
        According to the article “The Pros and Cons of Biometrics”, once the hackers gain access to something, it will be challenging to get them out, unlike simply resetting a password. So patients are facing risk of having your identity known.
      - Exploitation: Leaking of biometric data can facilitate crime
    - - Figures show that terroism is overstated as a threat.
        
        63 Islamist inspired terrorist incidents. 76% of these terrorist incidents were foiled (this number means that no terrorist attacks occurred) and 13% of them resulted in fatalities. These incidents caused 90 deaths.
        
        A 2017 report by The Nation Institute and the Center for Investigative Reporting analyzed a list of the terrorist incidents in the US between 2008 and 2016. It found:
        
        LIKELIHOOD
        
        Another terrorist attack occuring in the US is very unlikely as the amount of terrorist attacks have been decreasing every year. New America 19 states that, “Terrorism in America 18 Years after 9/11.” New America, 2019, https://www.newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/what-is-the-threat-to-the-united-states/.
        
        the number of terrorism-related cases in the United States has declined substantially since its peak in 2015
      - 40,000 people died due to terrorism in 2014, the percentage of those who died in the united states is lss than 1 percent.
      - Hill 22 reports that the device contained sensitive information about people who had worked with the US government which poses a huge danger to the US government and less allies would work with the US as they know that their data would be exposed.
        Kashmir Hill, John Ismay, Christopher F. Schuetze and Aaron Krolik, 12-27-2022, "For Sale on eBay: A Military Database of Fingerprints and Iris Scans," No Publication, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/27/technology/for-sale-on-ebay-a-military-database-of-fingerprints-and-iris-scans.html
      - TARGET INDIVIDUALS
        
        Human Rights Watch- the Taliban control systems hold sensitive biometric data that western donor governments left behind in Afghanistan in August 2021, putting thousands of Afghans at risk. Those sensitive biometric data includes iris scans, fingerprints etc, of which the Taliban could use them to target perceived opponents
        (link:https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/30/new-evidence-biometric-data-systems-imperil-afghans)
    - - That same company PALANTIR was found Along with the FBI and the National Security Agency, the CIA is among the company's clients. Since 2014, Palantir has worked with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to identify undocumented immigrants, prompting some employee protests.
      - Net Migration Between the United States and Abroad in 2022 Reaches Highest Level Since 2017
  - - - We are not against the idea of using biometric data for diagnosis, noted that the notion we refute today is collecting personal biometric data for “recognition”. We support banning the mass collection of personal data that can be used to identify an individual. The topic does not ban individual detection of diseases as there is no “recognition” of identity and no mass collection of identifiable data.
    - - Anthem, one of the largest health insurance providers in the United States, experienced a massive data breach in 2015. Hackers gained access to the personal information of nearly 78.8 million customers, including names, birth dates, social security numbers, and healthcare identification numbers. This breach exposed customers to identity theft risks and demonstrated the vulnerability of even large-scale healthcare organizations.(link:https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/business/hackers-breached-data-of-millions-insurer-says.html )
    - - As CNN reported in 2015, the United States' Office of Personnel Management (OPM) suffered a massive data breach, compromising sensitive personal information, including Social Security numbers and health records, of over 21.5 million people. This breach occurred in a system designed to hold sensitive information, highlighting the potential risk of storing healthcare identification data (link: https://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/09/politics/office-of-personnel-management-data-breach-20-million/index.html)
  - - - GDPR
      - Transparency
      - GDP Figures
      - CALIFORNIA
        
        High taxes and labour costs is the real reason companies are moving to other states, not the regulation.
  - - - There is no evidence that this technology can effectively prevent gun violence. According to a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, fingerprint scanners are not effective in reducing gun-related homicides or suicides.
        Source: https://www.nber.org/papers/w26796
    - - Domestic abusers may force victims to provide their biometric data, putting them at risk of further harm.
        Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/10/07/domestic-violence-biometrics/
    - - Blackberry CYBERSECURITY / 02.09.23 / Bruce Sussman, Christine Mok. According to the report, here are the 5 most attacked countries in cyberspace.
        United States (65% of cyberattacks), Japan (8%), Brazil (6%), Canada (5%), Australia (4%).
  - - - Nijeer Parks
- - - - 3000 people died in 9/11 because the borders were not effective at implementing biometric technology (mainly due to timeframe).
      - NYPD
        
        the NYPD was able to use facial recognition to find a suspected terrorist placing devices in the subway within an hour. NYT
      - In 2020, there were 103 terrorist attacks in the United States. This is a significant increase from the 18 terrorist attacks that occurred in 2008. Published by Statista Research Department, Aug 3, 2022
    - - Thales Group 22 states that biometric data security can reduce the costs and risks associated with identity fraud, cybercrime, and terrorism.
  - - - Harvard Political Review: An article published in the Harvard Political Review in 2019 suggests that while immigrants as a whole do not commit more crimes than native-born citizens, there may be certain subgroups of immigrants that have higher crime rates. The article argues that illegal immigrants, particularly those involved in drug and human trafficking, may contribute to higher crime rates in some areas.
        Source: https://harvardpolitics.com/united-states/immigration-and-crime/
    - - A survey conducted by the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) in 2018 found that a majority of Americans (68%) support the use of biometric screening at U.S. borders to prevent illegal immigration and terrorism. The survey also found that a majority of Americans (56%) believe that biometric screening would make the country safer.
        Source: https://cis.org/Report/Polling-Americans-Immigration-Enforcement
    - - It's predicted by 2030, 800 million jobs will be replaced using automation. meaning the need for immigration will diminish.
      - Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, net international migration had slowed primarily because of reduced immigration to the United States. Levels peaked at 1.2 million in 2016, and then declined every year until 2022. The single-largest drop occurred between 2020 and 2021, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. (United States Census Bureau)
      - Immigration is still at a historic low in the modern low
        Tara Watson, Econofact 2022 | Key facts and incisive analysis to the national debate on economic and social policies., 3-7-2022 ["The Decline in U.S. Net Migration", https://econofact.org/the-decline-in-u-s-net-migration ]tdp
    - - Callahan 19 stated there is $150 billion in potential savings if we implement digital identity travel solutions to create seamless travel experiences for legitimate travelers
  - - - MIT 19 reports “Within 7 months of the original audit, we find that all three targets released new API versions. All targets reduced accuracy disparities between males and females and darker and lighter-skinned subgroups, with the most significant update occurring for the darker-skinned female subgroup, that underwent a 17.7% - 30.4% reduction in error between audit periods.”
  - - - In the early days of the pandemic, the NHS contracted Palantir, the role of Palantir has expanded to extract patient-identifiable data from NHS hospital systems under the Faster Data Flows project.
  - - - REGULATIONS HAVE ENCOURAGED COMPANIES TO SEEK OTHER LOCATIONS TO OPERATE
        
        Compliance costs: The CCPA requires companies to comply with strict data privacy regulations, including providing consumers with the right to know what personal data is being collected about them and the right to have that data deleted. This can be costly and time-consuming for companies to comply with. In 2020, DrChrono, a healthcare technology company, announced that it was moving its headquarters from California to Nevada, citing the state's strict data privacy regulations as one of the reasons for the move.
        Source: https://www.medcitynews.com/2020/10/drchrono-moves-headquarters-from-california-to-nevada-citing-high-taxes-data-privacy-regulations/
      - Burdensome regulations: Some companies have criticized California's data privacy regulations as being too burdensome and complex. In 2019, the California Chamber of Commerce and other business groups launched a campaign to amend the CCPA, arguing that it would be difficult for businesses to comply with and could lead to unintended consequences.
        Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/business-groups-seek-changes-to-california-data-privacy-law-11563384200
  - - - Their argument is all hypothetical wasting time talking about potential scenrios, whilst our argument has real impacts that have more magnitude.