Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

MODULE 1 - CELLS AS THE BASIS OF LIFE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - no nucleus
      - simpler
      - genetic material - loop
        
        bacteria chromosome
      - Bacteria + archea
      - UNICELLULAR
    - - has nucleus
      - membrane bound organelles
      - complex
      - genetic material - double helix
      - plants, animals and fungi
      - UNICELLULAR/MULTICELLULAR
    - - nucleus
      - mitochondria
      - ER (smooth and rough)
      - ribosomes
      - chloroplast
      - vacuole
      - golgi body
      - lysosomes
      - cell wall
      - cell membrane
  - - - light microscope
        
        uses light
      - electron microscope
        
        uses electron beams
      - resolution and maginfication
  - - - semipermeable
        
        selective movement of materials
    - - phosopholipid bilayer
        
        phospholipid
        
        hydrophilic head
        
        hydrophobic tail
      - carbohydrates
      - proteins
      - cholesterol
- - - - along concentration gradient
        
        therefore, no energy required
      - osmosis
        
        isotonic
        
        same concentration of solute inside and outside of cell
        
        hypotonic
        
        lower concentration of solute in the solution than in cell
        
        water movement
        
        hypertonic
        
        higher solute concentration in the solution than in cell
      - diffusion
        
        Factors affecting diffusion rate
        
        temperature
        
        higher temperatures --> faster rate
        
        surface area: Volume ratio
        
        smaller the object, the greater the SA:V ratio
        
        quicker diffusion rate
        
        concentration gradient
        
        steeper --> faster diffusion
    - - against concentration gradient
        
        therefore, energy required
      - endocytosis
        
        into the membrane
        
        phaglocytosis
        
        pinocytosis
      - exocytosis
      - vesicular transport # #
    - - the smaller the object, the GREATER the SA:V ratio
    - - high solute concentration to low solute concentration
    - - polarity
    - - size
      - shape
- - - - no oxygen
        
        lactic acid fermentation
        
        alcoholic fermentation
    - - oxygen present
  - - - carbon fixation
- - - - amino acids
        
        polypeptides
  - - - Lowers activation energy