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Digestive & Urinary System D'Anna Contreras Per.1 - Coggle…
Digestive & Urinary System D'Anna Contreras Per.1
Major functions of the digestive system: mechanical/chemical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
Major organs of the urinary system
ureters: transports urine from kidneys to bladder
urinary bladder: stores urine
kidneys: filters the blood
urethra: conveys urine to the outside of the body
Digestive enzymes
nucleases: break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
peptidase: breaks down peptides into amino acids
proteolytic enxymes
trypsin, chymotypsin, carboxypeptidase: break down proteins/partially digested proteins into peptides
sucrase, maltase, lactase: breal down disaccharides into monosaccharides
pancreatic lipase: break down fats into fatty acids/glycerol
intestinal lipase: breaks down fats into fatty acids/glycerol
pepsin: begins protein digestion
enterokinase: converts trypsinogen into trypsin
pancreatic amylase: breaks down starch into disacchrides
salivary amylase: break downs starch to disaccharides
Layers of the GI tract
muscularis: propels food through the canal
serosa: outer serous layer/visceral peritoneum, protects underlying tissues/secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs
submucosa: under the mucosa, nourishes the surrounding llayers of the canal, the vessels transport absorbed nutrients away from the digestive organs
mucosa: inner layer of the wall, prtects tissue of the canal, carries on secretion/absorption of dietary nutrients, can incrase surface area
Nephron anatomy and physiology
renal corpuscle: the first step of urine formation, has cluster of capillaries, the glomerulus/glomerular capsule
collecting duct: passes from the renal cortex into the renal medulla emptying into a minor calyx at the papilla
renal tubule: has glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
Major functions of the urinary system
helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
regulates pH/body fluid volume
filters salts/water from the blood
helps control red blood cell production/blood pressure
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
nucleic acids: small intestine
carbohydrates: oral cavity/small intestine
proteins: stomach/small intestine
lipids: oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
Disorders
Digestive System
inflammatory bowel disease (ibd): a chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
symptoms: abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea
treatment options: medication, antibiotics, and fluid replacement
causes/risk factors: causes are unknown, possibly genetics, and enviormental
peptic ulcers: sores that develop into the lining of the symptoms of the duodenum
symptoms: heart burn, severe chest pain, and nausea
treatment options: life style changes, medication, and endoscopic surgery
causes/risk factors: imbalance in gastric juices, bacterial infection, and excess acid production
gastoesophageal feflux disease (gerd): a chronic disease occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus
symptoms: chest pain, heart bur, and dry cough
treament options: over the counter medication, prescription medication, and surgery
causes/risk factors: frequent acid reflex, weakened esophagul sphincter, and obesity
colon diseases
colorectal cancer: uncontrolled cell growth in the colon
symptoms: change in bowl movements, bloody stool, and bloating
treatment options: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemo therapy
causes/risk factors: other intestinal disease, hereditary, and diet
polyps: growths
symptoms: asymptomatic, change in bowl movements, and bloody stool
treatment options: none, surgical/removal, diet adjustment
causes/risk factors: age, hereditary, and history of polyps
cholecytitis: an inflammation of the gallbladder
symptoms: tender abdomen, sweating, and nausea
treatment options: medication, fasting, and antibiotics
causes/risk factors: digestive tumors, block age of the bile diet
Urinary System
urinary tract infection (uti): abdormal growth of bacteria along the urinary tract
symptoms: burning with urianation, pain, and pressure
treatment options: antibiotics, perscribed medication, and sterilizing pills
causes/risk factors: sexually active, pregnant women, and change in vaginal pH
kidney stones: when the urine has high levels of minerals/salts, hard stones can form
symptoms: sharp pains, intense med to urinate, and burning feeling while urianating
treatment options: give it time, medication, and surgery
causes/risk factors: high levels of minerals/salt, chemical changes in the body, and too much cystine in urine
bladder cancer: when cells of the bladder grew abdnormally, they can become bladder cancer
symptoms: blood in urine, frequent urianation, and pain when urianating
treatment options: surgery, chemotherapy, and immuno therapy
causes/risk factors: cancer drugs, radiation, and family history
Major organs of the digestive system
pharynx
esophagus
mouth
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
gallbadder
liver
salivary glands
rectum
anus