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Digestive & Urinary System Jazmine Rosales P-3 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System Jazmine Rosales P-3
Major functions of the digestive system
Mechanical digestion breaks down large pieces of food into
smaller ones
Digestion: breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
Chemical digestion breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals
Alimentary Canal: Food passageway between the mouth and anus
Mixing; when smooth muscles contract rhythmically in small
sections of the tube
Propelling; Include a wavelike motion called peristalsis
Major functions of the urinary system
Filters salts and wastes from the blood
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Regulates pH and body fluid volumes
controls red blood cell production and blood pressure
Major organs of the digestive system
Mouth; first portion of the alimentary canal which recieves food
mastication (chewing)
Pharynx the throat that is posterior to the mouth
Esophagus is a muscular tube that leads from pharynx to stomach which is a food passageway
the stomach that receives food from the esophagus and begins digestion of proteins
Small intestine is a long tubular organ that goes from
stomach to beginning of the large intestine
The large intestine which absorbs water and electrolytes, and forms and stores feces
Rectum is a straight section of the large intestine
Anus lets out feces/waste
Major organs of the urinary systems
The kidneys regulate the volume, composition, and pH of body fluids
Renal pelvis which is found in the renal sinus and is subdivided into major and minor calyces
Ureter is a muscular tube that takes urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urinary bladder stores urine and then when ready lets it out through the urethra
urethra transports urine to outside of the body
Digestive enzymes
Salivary amylase- Begins carbohydrate digestion
pepsin- Begins protein digestion
Pancreatic amylase- Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Trypsin/ Chymotrypsin/ Carboxypeptidase - Break down proteins and any left over
Nucleases- Break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Peptidase- Breaks down peptides into amino acids
Sucrase, maltase & lactase - Break down disaccharides into
monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase- Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Mainly small intestine
Proteins- stomach and small intestine
Nucleic acids- small intestine
carbohydrates- oral cavity and small intestine
lipids- stomach and small intestine
Layers of the GI tract
The Mucosa is the first layer (inner layer)
It protects tissues of the canal and carries on secretion and absorption of dietary nutrients
Next is the Submucosa which lies under the mucosa
It nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
The vessels transport absorbed nutrients away from digestive organs
The Muscularis; Propels food through the canal
Last is the Serosa which protects underlying tissues and secretes serous fluid that reduces friction between organs
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Nephron is a part of the kidney that produces urine on its own
Theres around 1M nephrons in each kidney
Consists of the Renal corpuscle thats a cluster of capillaries,glomerular capsule, glomerulus, and a sac that receives filtrate
The renal tubule structure goes in order like glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending and ascending nephron loops ,the distal convoluted tubule, and last the collecting duct
The collecting duct empties into a minor calyx at the papilla
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gall bladder which causes inflammation and digestive tumors
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- chronic disease that happens when esophageal sphincter relaxes
Colon disease like Diverticulitis- when a pouch is formed on the wall of the colon thats caused mainly by age or lack of exercise
Bladder Cancer - a cancer when the body cells grow out of control that causes pain in urination
Urinary Tract Infection which is more common for females which causes buring urination, pain and even fever/chills
Kidney Stones when urine contains many dissolved minerals and salts and causes too much calcium
symptoms could be urinating more than usual or pain and burning