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Philosophies of Education - Coggle Diagram
Philosophies of Education
Essentialism
"strives to teach students the accumulated knowledge of our civilization through core courses in the traditional academic disciplines"
Essentials of academic knowledge
Teacher led/based
train the mind, use reasoning, common culture
Popular and influential since Word War II
Led and has increased the global economic competition within schooling
Rigorous testing of students and teachers
Math, science, history, foreign language, literature
Classrooms "oriented around teachers"
Lecture
Perennialism
Similar to essentialism: strict curriculum followed, teacher centered
Focuses on books, reading, ideas, and concepts
"Cultural literacy"
Developing rational thought and rigorous thinking skills
Recognizing gifted students for leadership
Many religious schooling systems mirror perennialism philosophies
"reading, 'riting, 'rithmetic"
Class discussion and reading/analyzing
Intense questioning/discussion (seminar style) rather then lecturing and textbooks
Progressivism
"Organizes schools around the concerns, curiosity, and real world experiences of students"
Students formulate questions as guided by instructors within the classroom
real world experience
Pragmatism: if an idea works in the real world, then it has merit
Social learning > Book learning
Analyzing experiences to draw conclusions
Democracy and freedom in learning
Small groups, teacher within those or observing
Interest centers
Social Reconstructionism
Using school and studies to eliminate inequality and reconstruct soiety
Teachers explore social problwems such as racial inequality, oppression, AIDS, poverty, pollution substance abuse, homophobia, etc
Facilitating student analysis of these problems along with suggesting solutions or setps toward change
Discussion based
Reading novels or writings that explore these concepts and applying it to in class questions or discussions
Facilitating long term projects regarding these issues
Real world experiences traveling to different areas, museums, exhibits that share these realities
"class in engaged in genuine effort to improve society"
Meeting with political leaders, creating legislation and petitions to encourage immediate change
Existentialism
Complete student let learning
School is to help students find direction and meaning in life, develop own purpose in life, own goals
Rejects "teaching students what adults think they should learn"
Students decide what they need to learn and when
"When the student is ready, the teacher will appear"
Teachers serve to help students learn their individuality and appreciate uniqueness
Students are encouraged to look inward att hemsevles and explore their own interests
Teachers help students find ways to explore their interests or provide startign points for their goals and careers
Learning about the history through/of individuals students connect with, exploring through art and creative thinking
Self paced, self directed, large amounts of individual contact with the instructor