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06 THE BIRTH OF THE SOVIET UNION - Coggle Diagram
06 THE BIRTH OF THE SOVIET UNION
the Russian Civil war and foregin intervention
the opposition of certain political sectors to the revolutionary decrees and the growing power of the Bolsheviks led to the emergence of counterrevolutionary armed groups
1918
these groups came to control large outlying and rural regions of Russia
Foreign powers saw the October Revolution as a serious threat
it aspired to create a communist society without social classes
Russia’s exit from the war and the announcement that the debts contracted by the tsar would not be paid, were detrimental to the Triple Entente allies
the Soviets made no secret of their intention to extend the revolution to the whole world
Lenin understood that his success could only be guaranteed in this way
All these factors led several countries to intervene militarily in Russia to end the revolution
The British, Americans, French and Japanese, among others
sent troops to support the Russian counterrevolutionaries in a civil war (1918–1923) It was fought by two groups
White Army
made up of counterrevolutionaries that had the backing of foreign powers
Red Army
organised by the revolutionary government.
To confront the successful counterrevolutionary and foreign offensives which greatly reduced the size of the territory controlled by the Soviets
the Sovnarkom created the Red Army
The discipline and revolutionary motivation of the Soviet troops changed the course of the war
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Other revolutions
Revolutions following the Soviet example developed in Germany and Hungary in 1919
the Bolsheviks’ aspiration for a world revolution
with the end of World War I and the situation of crisis and disorder caused by territorial and political changes
These revolutions were harshly suppressed.
The Polish soviet war (1920–1921)
This conflict originated in the expansionist ambitions of the newly constituted Poland and in the Soviets’ wish
a civil war already on its way to victory, to regain territories from the former Russian Empire that they had given up in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and to achieve peace
After the conflict, the Brest-Litovsk border route was maintained
the end of the project to immediately extend the revolution beyond Russia
The Soviet State
the presence of foreign armies was still perceived as an aggression
Therefore, despite chaos and enormous hardship, revolutionary institutions were consolidated
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or the Soviet Union was formed in 1922
the response to the war situation was a policy called War Communism
The state militarised industry, seized food and imposed forced labour
Although it meant that troops always had supplies and could win on the battlefield, this model was disastrous for the people
to control the situation, government consolidated a one-party dictatorship
The Congress of Soviets was controlled by the Bolsheviks and the Secret Police, the Cheka, persecuted dissidents, critics and counterrevolutionaries
At the end of the civil war
economic situation was critical
solution was the New Economic Policy (NEP)
mixed system combining elements of capitalism and socialism it lasted 1921 -1928
remarkable economic recovery
considerable increase in agricultural production and the emergence of wealthy agricultural owners
the electrification plan of the Soviet Union was carried out, This was key to the country’s economic transformation
Lenin died in January 1924, and the first stage of Soviet history was closed
In his last writings he expressed concern for the failure of the long-awaited world revolution and criticised the Soviet state he was leaving behind.
warned about the problems that could arise with two of the most important members of the Soviet Government, Trotsky and Stalin.
The communist party of the soviet union (CPSU)
1918
old Social Democratic Party was transformed into the Communist Party of Russia
1925
the USSR already formed, it was renamed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)
