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Social psychology - prejudice theories - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Social identification:
        The process of moving from categorising yourself as part of the in-group to identifying with the group more overtly. An individual is likely to take on the norms and attitudes of group members
      - Social comparison:
        This occurs with the out-group when the individual's self-concept becomes wrapped up with the in-groups. People start seeing the in-group as better than the out-group which enhances their self-esteem. To see their in-group as better there has to be comparison with the outgroup
        
        There are three variables that contribute to in-group favouritism:
        
        the extent to which the individuals identify with the in-group
        
        the extent to which there are grounds for making comparisons with the out-group
        
        the relevance of the comparison group in relation to the in-group
        
        If an in-group is central to the individual's self-definition and it is meaningful to make comparisons with the out-group, then there is more likely to be in-group favouritism (which leads to prejudice against the out-group)
      - Social categorisation:
        Seeing yourself as part of a group. Any group will do, and there does not have to be conflict with other groups
- - - - There will be negative stereotyping against the 'other' group and discrimination may occur too
      - Scarce resources may be anything from water, food, territory to jobs, friends, and money
        In times of scarcity of ANY resource, prejudice will arise, though the competition will be fiercer if it is a "zero-zum fate" (where there is one winner and one loser) and if the resource is finite (like territory) prejudice becomes more likely
      - How long a conflict lasts depends on the scarcity of the resource, if it is a finite amount of territory, for example, it may go on for a very long time (eg- Russia vs Ukraine)
  - - - Sherif, 1954/1961, found that setting up superordinate goals helped to reduce prejudice and increased ingroup/outgroup friendships as they are all working together for the same achievement