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ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH
ASSIMILATION
Describes how sounds modify each other when they meet
Ex.
''Cupboard''. The pronunciation of /p/ and /b/ is different and /p/ becomes in only one /b/
It´s used to make speech more efficient and easier to produce
It means that the pronunciation of some words requires the use of some other organs of speech
Ex
In the word ''Handbag'' we use the alveolar ridge to produce the phoneme /d/. But in this case, this phoneme becomes in /m/.
/ˈhændˌbæg/ TO //ˈhæm bæg/
There are some rules of assimilation (most relevants)
1.
The phonemes /t/, /d/ and /n/ often become bilabial before bilabial consonants /p/, /b/ and /m/
Ex.
He's a very goo
d b
oy
(/d/ assimilates to /b/)
2.
/t/ assimilates to /k/ before /k/ or /g/
Ex.
Where has tha
t c
at been all night?
(/t/ assimilates to /k/)
3.
/n/ can assimilate to /ŋ/ before /g/ or /k/
Ex.
He's bringing his ow
n c
ar
4.
/s/ can assimilate to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/
Ex.
I really love thi
s s
hiny one over here
5.
/z/ can assimilate to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/
1 more item...
ELISION
This term describes the disappearance of a sound
Ex.
In the sentence '' I don't know''
A native speaker would say ''/aɪ dʊ nɔ/''
Here we have some rules for Elision
1.
The most common Elisions are
/t/
and
/d/
Ex. We arrived the nex
t d
ay
2.
Complex conosonant clusters are simplified
3.
/ə/
can disappear in unstressed syllables
4.
/v/
can disappear in
of
, before consonants
Ex. It's a complete waste o
f
time
Ex. I think we should call the
po
lice (/pliːs/)
Ex. She
acts
like she owns the place!
( /ækts/ can be simplified to /æks/ )
LINKING
When two vowel sounds meet, speakers often link them in various ways.
Linking /r/
Some accents of English are
rhotics
which refer to a type of English, in which an /r/ is pronounced in all situations where there is an "r" in spelling
Ex. - He
r e
nglish is excellent. (/r/ is pronounced)
He
r g
erman is awful though! (/r/ is not pronounced)
Intrusive /r/
When two vowels meet, speakers introduce a /r/ to ease the transition.
It happens when the first word ends in /ə/, /ɑː/ or /ɔː/
Ex. The medi
a a
re to blame. /əraː/
Linking /j/
When a word ends in /i:/, or a diphthong which finishes in /ɪ/ speakers introduce a
/j/
Ex.
I a
gree. /aɪjə/
Linking /w/
When a word ends in /u:/ or a diphthong which finished in /ʊ/, speakers introduce a
/w/
Ex. Wh
o i
s? (/huːwɪz/)