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May 12, 2023: GREEK THOUGHT AND PHILOSOPHY (2 LESSONS) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - striving to understand
        
        what they are made of
        
        how they function
- - - - turning something that is no real, to real
  - - - also human behavior
- - - - metaphysics: beyond the physical world
        
        for example: mathematics is metaphysics
        
        metaphysics - "after"
        
        what gives physical things its shape(?)
  - - - return to questions about physical world and new philosophy of human activity
- - - - “Eleatic School” of thought
- - - - had to think of ways to survive
        
        so they were naturally very good learners from the beginning
    - - not looking for new ideas because all they needed was with them
        
        feritle soil, etc
  - - - located on both sides of ancient greece
  - - - "borrowed from the best"
      - greeks learned from the people they conquered
  - - - Words must be "constructed" with letters that represent sounds.
    - - relates to synonym
        
        language was very synonimatic
        
        had different words to describe "love"
        
        different shades of love
- - - - harmonious and beautiful order
      - pythagoras seems to have begun as a musician of mathematics; interest in how strings can produce different notes
    - - especially as politicians need to "win favor'" during wartime
      - developed high standards of self expression and style
    - - citizens feared god were law-abiding
      - sophists were people to talk, write and think on all subjects
- - - - not good when the citizens are dumb
    - - elencus
      - wouldn't let people go if someone made a statement
  - - - elenchus
    - - to achieve truth
        
        to engage in a permanent state of critical thinking
      - to see the other perspectives as well
  - - - defected to sparta in peloponnesian war
      - alcibiades
    - - wanted his punishment to be free meals for the rest of his life
        
        usually awarded to state heroes
        
        was punished with drinking poison (hemlock)
    - - socrates said no; may have been because:
        
        old age
        
        belief of life after death
        
        to show that democracy is no good; that it can kill good people
  - - - "chief goodness consists in the caring of the soul concerned with moral truth and understanding"
  - - - at the Academy
    - - studied many things
        
        studies:
        
        Logic, biology, zoology, botany, psychology, chemistry,
        
        astronomy, cosmology, metaphysics, ethics, political
        
        theory, constitutional history, history of sports
      - encyclopedist
    - - a valid and reliable process to analyze a phenomenon
    - - how do you truly know that you know yourself, instead of it just being your opinion
- - - - was a soldier
  - - - communistic society
    - - to distinguish between truth
  - - - "nous" divine intellect
        
        nous - holy ghost
        
        Christ
        
        soul
        
        "soul is nous"
        
        soul is indescribable
        
        plato says that the "how to live" all comes from "nous"
      - good - god
- - - - social
    - - science
  - - - anything you can do in your head
  - - - understanding
    - - sublime