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Bioactive Peptides bioavailability and overcoming the digestive system -…
Bioactive Peptides bioavailability and overcoming the digestive system
Bioactive Peptides
Short Chains of amino acids derived from food proteins that have beneficial effects on human health and prevent chronic disease
Key Sources
Meat, Milk, Fish
Require proteolysis to be released and activated
Fermentation (Lactic Acid Bacteria)
Digestion
Health Benefits - Lower blood pressure fight oxidation, prevent cancer
Bioavailability
"The fraction of the nutrient that can be absorbed and used in the body" Poor due to numerous challenges
Polypeptides digested in the stomach by action of pepsin (Ph 2-3)
Alkaline conditions of small intestines further degrade into smaller potent peptides
Oligopeptides and free amino acids are absored at distinct transport systems
Overcoming these challenges
Chemical modification
Done at a potential cleavage site to increase in vivo stability
Bioencapsulation
The controlled release systems that provide protection to the bioactive components during processing and transit through the G.I tract
Controls stability, solubility, and rate of absorption
Separated into nanoencapsulation and microencapsulation based on the size of particles or capsules
Material for encapsulation - must be GRAS status,
Plant sources - starch or cellulose
Marine sources - alginate
animal or microbial sources - chitosan, whey, casein
Blood serum - Bioactive peptides can become inactive in blood serum
L - amino acids converted to D- amino acids
Must facilitate transport systems in brush border membrane of gut
Paracellular diffusion
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion