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carcinogenesis, long period of latency (10-20 years) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - activation of growth-promoting
      - inhibition of tumour-suppressor
    - - Epstein Barr
        
        Hodgkin’s+ Burkitt’s lymphoma,
        
        Nasopharyngeal
      - Hepatitis B
        
        Hepatocellular
      - Papilloma
        
        skin, cervical and oral
      - HTLV-1
        
        T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
  - - - : urinary bladder
        squamous cell carcinoma.
    - - cholangiocarcinoma.
  - - - hepatocellular
  - - - gastric
        
        lymphoma
        
        carcinoma
- - - - reactive free radicals
    - - (co-carcinogens)
    - - alter DNA.
  - - - sunlight
      - UV lamps
    - - 3 skin cancers
      - leukaemia.
    - - pyrimidine dimers
      - “mutagenic”
  - - - X-rays,
        a-, b- and g-rays,
        radioactive isotopes
      - protons
        neutrons
    - - mutagenesis
      - chromosomal
        breakage,
      - translocation,
      - point mutation.
    - - Leukaemias
        
        thyroid,
        
        breast,
        
        lung
    - - a.Miners
      - survivors of Hiroshima and
        Nagasaki
      - Chernobyl
  - - - power cables,
        
        cellphones
        
        microwaves
- - - - alkylating agents
        
        bladder cancer
        
        lymphoma
    - - cytochrome P-450
        
        (inactivated)
        
        Activated
      - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
        
        aromatic amines
        azo dyes
        
        Aflatoxin
        
        hepatocellular
        
        Miscellaneous
        
        Arsenical
        
        skin
        
        Vinyl chloride
        
        liver angiosarcoma
        
        Asbestos:
        
        lung
        mesothelioma
        
        Nitrosamines
        
        gastric
        
        bladder
        hepatocellular
        
        lung and skin
  - - - phenols,
      - hormones
      - sweeteners
      - phenobarbital.