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Lifespan Growth and Development Exam Revision: - Coggle Diagram
Lifespan Growth and Development Exam Revision:
Lecture 1:
4-5 Points:
Johnny and Jimmy Study Conclusion: During Early Childhood (2-6 years) exposure to conductive learning environment is extremely important for motor development
The collaborative Gene: Start as single cell. Nucleus has Chromosomes. CHromosomes contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains genetic information. Genes are units fo hereditary information composed as DNA. Humans have more than 20 000 genes.
Mitosis, Meiosis and Fertilisation:
Mitosis- cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed.(each cell contains the same DNA as Parent cell)
Meiosis- Cell division that forms sperm and egg
Fertilisation- stage in reproduction when an egg and sperm fuse to create Zygote.
Anthropometry is the measure of the human body in terms of dimensions.
Definitions:
4-5 Points per lecture:
Plus any unknown definitions:
Lecture 2:
4-5 points:
Conception and Fertilisation:
Conception- when the single sperm cell from the male unites with the ovum (egg) in the females fallopian tube in a process called fertilisation:
3 stages on prenatal growth:
-Germinal
-Embryonic
-Fetal
Germinal:
1- Germinal Period last 2 weeks and includes fertilisation
2- Zygote egg and sperm fuse to create single cell
3- Mitosis occurs, by the time it implants on the lining of the uterus it is several hundred cells in size.
4- Cell Differentiation
5- Blastocyte inner layer of cells that will form the embryo
6- Trophocyte outer layer of cells that will supply nutrients and support for the embryo
7- the zygote will embed or implant into the wall of the uterus where nutrient cells can nourish it.
8- the true onset of pregnancy occurs at implantation.
Embryonic: implantation to 8 weeks
now called an embryo
layers of cell form: endoderm, mesoderm & ectoderm
Amnion - amniotic fluid
umbilical cord
placenta
organogenesis
limb (leg buds) formed at 4 weeks
Heartbeat begins at 4 weeks
Human form noticeable at 8 weeks
Fetal Period: from 8 weeks to birth.
continued growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal
Plasticity
Fetal Nourishment:
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse between fetal and maternal blood in placenta.
umbilical cord
placenta
poor maternal health status can affect fetus
life support system:
- placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac
Trimesters of prenatal development:
First trimester: first 3 months
First 4 weeks:
less than 0.2 cm long
begindevelopment of spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs
amniotic sac envelops the preliminary tissue of body
named a Zygote
8 weeks:
2.5cm
face is forming rough eyes, ears mouth and tooth buds
arms and legs are moving
brain is forming
heart beat detenctable with sound
Named an ambryo
12 weeks:
7.2 cm
can mov arms legs finger and nose
finger prints are present
can smile frown suck and swallow
sex is distinguishable
can urinate
named a "Fetus"
Second triimester: (MIddle 3 months)
16 weeks:
is abt 10-15.2 cm long & 0.1 KG
heartbeat is strong
downy hair (lanugo) covers body
fingernails and toenails are forming
has coordinated movements. able to roll over amniotic fluid
20 weeks:
abt 30cm & 0.45 KG
heartbeat is audible with ordinary stethoscope
sucks thumb
hiccups
hair, eyelashes, eyebrows are present
24 weeks:
is about 35.5cm & 0.7 Kg
skin is wrinkled and covered with protective coating (Vernix caseosa)
eyes are open
wate matter is collected in bowel
has strong grip
Third trimester:
28 weeks:
-abt 40.6 cm and weighs 1.5 Kg
is adding body fat
is very active
rudimentary breathing movements are present
definitions:
Ovum : Egg
Organogenesis: the process of formation organs through 3 germs layers.
Exam revision Lecture:
Hourglass of life:
four different phases of motor development:
What is the corresponding age range for each phase?
What three factors influence motor development?
factors affecting physical activity
theories of development:
The hourglass (phases and stages)
1.reflexive stage Phase (utero to 1 year)
information encoding stage
information decoding stage
2.Rudimentary phase (birth to 2 years)
reflex inhibition stage
precontrol stage
3.Fundamental phase (2 years to 7 years)
initial stage
emerging elementary stages
proficient stage
4.specialized phase (7 years to 14 years and up)
transition stage
application stage
lifelong utilization stage
Periods of development: